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Austrian Circle

 

Austrian Circle

The Austrian Circle as at the beginning of the 16th century

The Austrian Circle (German: Österreichischer Reichskreis) was an Imperial Circle of the Holy Roman Empire. It was one of the four Imperial Circles created in 1512, 12 years after the original Reichsreform created six Circles.

The Austrian Circle was largely coterminous with the Erblande ("Hereditary Lands") of the Habsburg family and roughly corresponds to present-day Austria (except for Salzburg), Slovenia and the Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol region of Northern Italy.

Composition

Austrian Habsburg dominions (orange) about 1477,
William R. Shepherd, 1911
The circle was made up of the following states:
Name Type of entity Comments
An der Etsch Bailiwick Established about 1260, an administrative grouping of lands held by the Teutonic Knights in Tyrol
Austria Archduchy March of Austria established in 976 by Emperor Otto II, raised to duchy by Emperor Frederick I Barbarossa in 1156, to Habsburg in 1278, self-bestowed "Archduchy" since 1358
Austria Bailiwick An administrative grouping of lands held by the Teutonic Order in Austria
Brixen Prince-Bishopric Established in 1027 by Emperor Conrad II, Prince-Bishopric since 1179
Carinthia Duchy Established in 976 by Emperor Otto II, held by the Archdukes of Austria since 1457, part of Inner Austria 1564–1619
Carniola Duchy March of Carniola established in 1040 by Emperor Henry III, raised to duchy in 1364, held by the Archdukes of Austria since 1457, part of Inner Austria 1564–1619
Chur Prince-Bishopric Established in the 4th century, prince-bishopric since 1170, territory held by the League of God's House since 1367
Gorizia County Separated from the Patriarchate of Aquileia about 1127, held by the Archdukes of Austria from 1500, part of Inner Austria 1564-1619, merged into Gorizia and Gradisca in 1747
Istria March Established in 1040 by Emperor Henry III, major part to Venice in 1291, remaining territory around Pazin (Mitterburg) to Gorizia, held by the Archdukes of Austria since 1374
Styria Duchy March of Styria established about 970 by Emperor Otto I, raised to a duchy in 1180, held by the Dukes of Austria since 1192, part of Inner Austria 1564-1619
Swabian Austria Landgraviate The remaining Habsburg home territories in Swabia since 1386, including Breisgau, Burgau, Sundgau (until 1648) and parts of Vorarlberg, held by the Archdukes of Austria
Tarasp Lordship Held by the Archdukes of Austria since 1464
Trent Prince-Bishopric Established in 1027 by Emperor Conrad II
Trieste City Held by the Archdukes of Austria since 1382
Tyrol County Established about 1140, held by the Archdukes of Austria since 1363, raised to "Princely County" in 1504, to Further Austria 1564-1665


Austrian Circle of the Holy Roman Empire
Flag of the Habsburgs Habsburg lands
Map indicating the Austrian Circle of the Holy Roman Empire
 Prince-Bishoprics
Coat of arms of the Teutonic Order Teutonic bailiwicks
Created in 1500
The ten Reichskreise
Created in 1512
and
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