Bora–Witoto languages

Bora–Witóto
Witotoan
Geographic distribution:	northwestern Amazon
Linguistic classification:	Proposed language family
Subdivisions:	? Andoke Boran Witotoan
Glottolog:	None bora1262  (Boran)[1] huit1251  (Huitotoan)[2]

Bora–Witóto (also Bora–Huitoto, Bora–Uitoto, or, ambiguously, Witotoan) is a proposal to unite the Bora and Witotoan language families of northeastern Peru (Loreto Region), southwestern Colombia (Amazonas Department), and western Brazil (Amazonas State). Kaufman (1990) found the proposal plausible; by 1994 he had accepted it and added the Andoque language.

Family division

• Boran (AKA Bora–Muiname, Bóran, Miranyan, Miranya, Bórano)
  • Bora (AKA Bora–Miranya, Boro, Meamuyna)
  • Muinane (AKA Bora Muinane, Muinane Bora, Muinani, Muename)

• Witotoan (AKA Huitoto–Ocaina, Huitotoan, Huitotoano, Witóto, Huitoto, Uitoto, Huitótoano)
  • Ocaina (AKA Okaina)
  • Witoto Proper
    • Nïpode (AKA Nüpode, Nipode Huitoto, Nipode Witoto, Witoto Muinane, Muinane Huitoto, Muiname)
    • Mïnïca–Murai
      • Mïnïca (AKA Witoto Meneca, Meneca, Meneka, Noaiko-Muína, Southern Witoto, Minica Huitoto, Minica)
      • Murui (AKA Witoto Murui, Murai, Búe, Murai Huitoto, Bue, Huitoto, Central Witoto proper, Komïne)
  • Nonuya (AKA Nyonuhu, Nonuña, Achote, Achiote) Loreto, Peru

The classification above is based on Campbell (1997) who follows Richard Aschmann's 1993 classification and reconstruction of proto-Witotoan.

Kaufman (1994) lists Bóran and Witótoan (Huitoto–Ocaina) as separate families (they are grouped together with Andoque as Bora–Witótoan; by 2007 he moved Andoque to Witotoan). He does not show internal branching. Nipode and Mïnïca are listed as dialects of a single Meneka language (whereas Aschmann and Campbell treat these as separate languages at different branch nodes). Kaufman also includes within his Witótoan (Huitoto–Ocaina) the following extinct languages :

• Andoquero (AKA Andokero, Miranya-Karapana-Tapuyo, Miraña, Carapana) Amazonas, Colombia (†)
• Coeruna (AKA Koeruna) Amazonas, Brazil (†)
• Koihoma (AKA Coto, Koto, Orejón, Coixoma) Loreto, Peru (†)

Andoquero, Coeruna, and Koihoma are all extinct. Nonuya is nearly extinct, but attempts are being made at revival.

Synonymy note:

• The name Muiname has been used to refer to the Muinane language (Bora Muinane) of the Boran sub-group and also to the Nipode language (Witoto Muinane) of the Huitoto–Ocaina sub-group.
• The names Koto, Coto, and Orejón have been used to refer to the Koihoma language (Coixoma) and also to the unrelated