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The Cleveland Museum of Art (CMA) is an art museum situated in the Wade Park District, in the University Circle neighborhood on Cleveland's east side. Internationally renowned for its substantial holdings of Asian and Egyptian art, the museum houses a diverse permanent collection of more than 43,000 works of art from around the world.[2][3] The museum has remained historically true to the vision of its founders, keeping general admission free to the public and with a $600 million endowment it is "one of the wealthiest in the nation."[4] [5]
"For the benefit of all people, forever."[6]
The Cleveland Museum of Art was founded as a trust in 1913 with an endowment from prominent Cleveland industrialists Hinman Hurlbut, John Huntington and Horace Kelley.[7] The neoclassical, white Beaux-Arts building was constructed on the southern edge of Wade Park, at the cost of $1.25 million.[8] Wade Park and the museum were designed by the local architectural firm, Hubbell & Benes, with the museum planned as the park's centerpiece.[9] The 75-acre (300,000 m2) green space takes its name from philanthropist Jeptha H. Wade, who donated part of his wooded estate to the city in 1881.[10] The museum opened its doors to the public on June 6, 1916, with Wade's grandson, Jeptha H. Wade II, proclaiming it, 'for the benefit of all people, forever.' Wade, like his grandfather, had a great interest in art and served as the museum's first vice-president, and later as president in 1920.[11] Today, the park, with the museum still as its centerpiece, is on the National Register of Historic Places.[12]
In March 1958, the first addition to the building opened, doubling the museum's floorspace. In 1971 the museum again expanded with the opening of the North Wing. With its stepped, two-toned granite facade, the addition designed by the Hungarian-born modernist architect Marcel Breuer, provided angular lines in distinct contrast with the flourishes of the 1916 building's neoclassical facade. In 1983, a third addition was made to house the museum's now expansive library, as well as to provide sufficient space for nine new galleries. Both the 1958 and 1983 additions, however, would be demolished to make way for the museum's largest expansion to date, a glass and steel structure designed by award-winning Uruguyan architect, Rafael Viñoly.
The museum's building and renovation project, "Building for the Future",[6] began in 2005 and was originally targeted for completion in 2012 (now 2013) at projected costs of $258 million.[13] The $350 million project—two-thirds of which is earmarked for the complete renovation of the original structure—will add two new wings, and is the largest cultural project in Ohio's history.[6] The new east and west wings, as well as the enclosing of the atrium courtyard under a soaring glass canopy, will bring the museum's total floor space to 592,000 square feet (55,000 m2) (an increase of approximately 65%).
While the first phase of the project cost saw $9.3 million in cost overruns and pushed back the initial reopening by 9 months, (then) museum director Timothy Rub assured the public that increase in quality would be worth both the wait and expense.[14] In June 2008, after being closed for nearly three years for the overhaul, the museum reopened 19 of its permanent galleries to the public in the renovated 1916 building main floor.
On June 27, 2009, the newly constructed East Wing (which contains the Impressionist, Contemporary, and Modern art collections) opened to the public.
On June 26, 2010, the ground level of the 1916 building reopened and now houses the collections of Greek, Roman, Egyptian, Sub-Saharan African, Byzantine, and Medieval art.[15] The expanded museum includes enhanced visitor amenities consisting of new restrooms, an expanded store and café, parking capacity increased to 620 spaces, and a 34,000 square feet (3,200 m2) glass-covered courtyard.
Wade Park includes an outdoor gallery displaying part of the museum's holdings in the Wade Park Fine Arts Garden. The bulk of this collection is located between the original 1916 main entrance to the building and the The Weathermen),[16] the statue has been left in its unrestored condition. The reasoning for not repairing it stems from the involvement of Rodin in its original casting and the damage—which is notated on the plaque mounted at the base of the statue's pedestal— has come to define the casting as unique among the more than twenty original large castings.
The Cleveland Museum of Art divides its collections into 15 departments including Chinese Art, Modern European Art, African Art, Drawings, Prints, European Painting & Sculpture, Textiles & Islamic Art, American Painting & Sculpture, Greek & Roman Art, Contemporary Art, Medieval Art, Decorative Art & Design, Art of the Ancient Americas and Oceania, Photography and Contemporary Art. Artists represented by significant works include Warhol, Jackson Pollock, Christo, Anselm Kiefer, Ronald Davis, Larry Poons, Leon Kossoff, Jack Whitten, Morris Louis, Jules Olitski, Chuck Close, Robert Mangold, Mark Tansey and Sol LeWitt, among others. Under the leadership of director David Franklin, the museum has adopted one of the more staunchly pro-collecting stances among American museums.[17]
In addition to its comprehensive collection of fine art, the Cleveland Museum of Art is also home to the Ingalls Library, one of the largest art libraries in the United States.[18] As part of the initial 1913 plan by the museum's founders, a library of 10,000 volumes was to be assembled, to include photographs and archival works. By the 1950s, the collection of books alone had surpassed 37,000 and the photographic collection neared 47,000.[19] Today, with more than 431,000 volumes (and 500,000 digitized slides), renovation of the library space was one of the focal points in the museum's $350 million expansion.
In June 2004, the museum acquired an ancient bronze sculpture of Apollo Sauroktonos, believed to be an original work by Praxiteles of Athens. Because the work has a contested provenance, the museum continues to study the dating and attribution of the sculpture. In 2011, Michael Bennet, the Greek and Roman arts curator, announced that he had dated the piece to 350 B.C. to 250 B.C.[20]
The museum is especially strong in the field of Asian art, possessing one of the best collections in the U.S.[2]
In 2008, the United States Postal Service selected the Cleveland Museum's famed Botticelli painting entitled Virgin and Child with the Young John the Baptist as the Christmas stamp for that year.[21]
Caravaggio, The Crucifixion of Saint Andrew, 1607.
Frans Hals Portrait of Tieleman Roosterman, 1634.
Francisco de Zurbarán Christ and the Virgin in the House at Nazareth, 1631–1640.
Nicolas Poussin, Holy Family on the Steps, 1648.
Jean-Baptiste Oudry, A Hare and a Leg of Lamb, 1742.
Jacques-Louis David, Cupid and Psyche, 1817.
J.M.W. Turner, The Burning of the Houses of Lords and Commons, 1835.
William Sidney Mount, The Power of Music, 1847.
Frederic Edwin Church, Twilight in the Wilderness, 1860.
Berthe Morisot, Reading, 1873
Claude Monet, The Red Kerchief: Portrait of Mrs. Monet, 1868-1878.
Auguste Rodin, The Thinker, 1880-1881 (showing damage from the 1970 pipe bomb).
Edgar Degas, Freize of Dancers, 1895.
Albert Pinkham Ryder, The Race Track (Death on a Pale Horse), 1896-1908.
Henri Rousseau, Fight Between a Tiger and a Buffalo, 1908
Édouard Vuillard, Café Wepler, 1908–10, reworked 1912
Walker Evans, Allie Mae Burroughs, Wife of a Cotton Sharecropper, Hale County, Alabama, 1936.
The Cleveland Museum of Art also maintains a schedule of special exhibitions, lectures, films and musical programs. The department of performing arts, music and film hosts a film series[22] and the VIVA! & Gala[23] concert series, which brings creative energies of internationally renowned artists into Cleveland.
The department of education[24] at CMA creates programs for lifelong learning from lectures, talks and studio classes to outreach programs and community events, such as Parade the Circle",[25] Chalk Festival[26] and the "Winter Lights Lantern Festival".[27] Educational programs include distance learning,[28] "Art to Go",[29] and the "Educator's Academy".[30] The museum is also home to the Ingalls Library, one of the largest art museum libraries in the United States with almost 431,000 volumes.[18]
Under the leadership of director Robert P. Bergman saw annual attendance rise from more than 400,000 in 1993 to more than 600,000 in 1999.[31]
In 1958, a $35-million bequest by industrialist Leonard C. Hanna Jr. vaulted the Cleveland Museum of Art into the ranks of the country's richest art museums.[32] Today, the museum receives operating support from the Ohio Arts Council through state tax dollars. It is funded by Cuyahoga County residents through Cuyahoga Arts and Culture. The museum derives around two thirds of its $36 million budget from interest on its endowment, which was reported as $750 million in 2014.[33][34] From a fund of $277 million, the museum draws out about $13 million a year.[35]
The museum has also taken an active role in presenting music concerts and lectures. These include performances by the Cavani Quartet, Alisa Weilerstein, and commissions for new works of Philadelphia composer Joseph Hallman among others.
The Cleveland Museum of Art, Winter Lights Lantern Festival.
Noche Flamenca, part of CMA's VIVA! & Gala.[1]
New York City, Ohio, Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, Case Western Reserve University, Lake Erie
Columbus, Ohio, Democratic Party (United States), Indiana, Virginia, Cleveland
Jstor, National Park Service, United States Department of the Interior, Historic preservation, Pdf
Budapest, European Union, Slovakia, Pécs, Hungarian language
Oclc, Rome, Louvre, Classicism, Authority control
Saint Petersburg, Hermitage Museum, Fauvism, André Derain, Museum of Modern Art
Authority control, Chicago, Washington, D.C., Terre Haute, Indiana, United States
Curator, Cleveland Museum of Art, National Gallery of Canada, Courtauld Institute of Art, Cleveland Museum of Art