Location of Deira
Deira (Old English: Derenrice or Dere) was a kingdom (559-664 AD)[1] in Northern England which probably emerged when Anglian warriors conquered the Derwent Valley in the third quarter of the fifth century.[2] It extended from the Humber to the Tees, and from the sea to the western edge of the Vale of York. It was the southern of the two kingdoms of Deira and Bernicia which later merged to form the kingdom of Northumbria.
The name of the kingdom is of Brythonic origin, perhaps from Deifr, meaning "waters", or from Daru, meaning "oak", in which case it would mean "the people of the Derwent", a derivation also found in the Latin name for Malton, Derventio.[3]
According to Simeon of Durham (writing early in the 12th century) it extended from the Humber to the Tyne, but the land was waste north of the Tees. After the Brythonic kingdom centred on Eboracum, which may have been called Ebrauc, was taken by King Edwin, the city of Eboracum became its capital and was called Eoforwic ("boar-place") by the Angles.
The first Anglian king of Deira of whom we have any record is Ælla, who flourished in the later 6th century after conquering the realm from the Britons in 581. After his death, Deira was subject to king Æthelfrith of Bernicia, who united the two kingdoms into Northumbria. Æthelfrith ruled until the accession of Ælla's son Edwin, in 616 or 617, who also ruled both kingdoms until 633.
Osric, the nephew of Edwin, ruled Deira after Edwin, but his son Oswine was put to death by Oswiu in 651. For a few years subsequently Deira was governed by Æthelwald son of Oswald of Bernicia.
Bede wrote of Deira in his Historia Ecclesiastica (completed in 731).
Kings of Deira
Reign
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Incumbent
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Notes
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559/560 to 589
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Aella
(Aelli)
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ÆLLA YFFING DEIRA CYNING
ÆLLA REX DEIRA
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589/599 to 604
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Aethelric
(Aedilric)
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ÆÞELRIC IDING BERNICIA 7 DEIRA CYNING
ÆÞELRIC REX BERNICIA ET DEIRA
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Bernicia Dynasty
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593/604? to 616
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Aethelfrith
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ÆÞELFERÞ ÆÞELRICING DEIRA CYNING
ÆÞELFERÞ REX DEIRA
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Killed in battle
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Deira Dynasty
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616 to 12/14 October 632
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Edwin
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EDVVIN ÆLLING BERNICIA 7 DEIRA CYNING
EDVVIN REX BERNICIA ET DEIRA
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Killed in battle by Cadwallon of Gwynedd and Penda of Mercia
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late 633 to summer 634
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Osric
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OSRIC ÆLFRICING DEIRA CYNING
OSRIC REX DEIRA
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Bernicia Dynasty
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633 to 5 August 642
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Oswald
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OSVVALD BERNICIA 7 DEIRA CYNING
OSVVALD REX BERNICIA ET DEIRA
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Killed by Penda, King of Mercia; Saint Oswald
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642 to 644
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Oswiu
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OSVVIO ÆÞELFRIÞING BERNICIA 7 DEIRA CYNING
OSVVIO REX BERNICIA ET DEIRA
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Deira Dynasty
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644 to 651
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Oswine
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OSVVINE OSRICING DEIRA CYNING
OSVVINE REX DEIRA
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Murdered
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Bernicia Dynasty
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summer 651 to late 654 or 655
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Æthelwold
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ÆÞELVVALD OSVVALDING DEIRA CYNING
ÆÞELVVALD REX DEIRA
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654 to 15 August 670
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Oswiu
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OSVVIO ÆÞELFERÞING NORÞANHYMBRA CYNING
OSVVIO REX NORÞANHYMBRA
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Restored
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656 to 664
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Alchfrith
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ALCHFRIÞ DEIRA CYNING
ALCHFRIÞ REX DEIRA
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|
670 to 679
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Aelfwine
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ÆLFVVINE DEIRA CYNING
ÆLFVVINE REX DEIRA
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Notes
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^
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^ Higham, p. 98
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^ Higham, p. 81
References
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Higham, N.J. (1993). The Kingdom of Northumbria AD 350-1100. Stroud: Sutton. ISBN 0-86299-730-5
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Further reading
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Geake, Helen & Kenny, Jonathan (eds.) (2000). Early Deira: Archaeological studies of the East Riding in the fourth to ninth centuries AD. Oxford: Oxbow. ISBN 1-900188-90-2
Kingdoms and subdivisions of Anglo-Saxon England
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Kingdoms
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Lesser kingdoms
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Minor Anglo-Saxon
tribes and fiefs
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Monarchs of Deira
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Ælla (559–588)
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Æthelric (589–604)
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Æthelfrith (604–616)
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Edwin (616–632)
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Osric (633–634)
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Oswald (634–642)
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Oswiu (642–644) *claimed dates of life don't match with hyperlinks dates, also this person is repeated 3 generations later.*
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Oswine (644–651)
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Œthelwald (651–654)
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Oswiu (654–670) *claimed dates of life don't match with hyperlinks dates and is also a repeat of "Oswiu" 3 generations before. Wrong persons name here maybe*
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Alchfrith (656–664 - joint king)
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Ælfwine (670–679)
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