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Illicium verum is a medium-sized native evergreen tree of northeast Vietnam and southwest China. A spice commonly called star anise, star anise seed, or Chinese star anise that closely resembles anise in flavor is obtained from the star-shaped pericarp of the fruit of Illicium velum which are harvested just before ripening. Star anise oil is a highly fragrant oil used in cooking, perfumery, soaps, toothpastes, mouthwashes, and skin creams. About 90% of the world's star anise crop is used for extraction of shikimic acid, a chemical intermediate used in the synthesis of oseltamivir.
Illicium comes from the from Latin illicio meaning "entice". In Persian, star anise is called بادیان bādiyān, hence its French name badiane. In India, it is called badian or phoolchakri and in Pakistan, it is called badian.
Star anise contains anethole, the same ingredient that gives the unrelated anise its flavor. Recently, star anise has come into use in the West as a less expensive substitute for anise in baking, as well as in liquor production, most distinctively in the production of the liquor Galliano. It is also used in the production of sambuca, pastis, and many types of absinthe. Star anise enhances the flavour of meat.[2] It is used as a spice in preparation of biryani and masala chai all over the Indian subcontinent. It is widely used in Chinese cuisine, and in Indian cuisine where it is a major component of garam masala, and in Malay and Indonesian cuisines. It is widely grown for commercial use in China, India, and most other countries in Asia. Star anise is an ingredient of the traditional five-spice powder of Chinese cooking. It is also a major ingredient in the making of phở, a Vietnamese noodle soup.It is also used in the French recipe of mulled wine : called vin chaud (hot wine).
Star anise is the major source of the chemical compound shikimic acid, a primary precursor in the pharmaceutical synthesis of anti-
Joshi et al. have used fluorescent microscopy and gas chromatography[10] to distinguish the species, while Lederer et al. employed thin layer chromatography with HPLC-MS/MS.[11]
anisatin, neoanisatin, and pseudoanisatin, which are noncompetitive antagonists of GABA receptors.[8]
In traditional Chinese medicine, star anise is considered a warm and moving herb, and used to assist in relieving cold-stagnation in the middle jiao.
Star anise is grown in four provinces in China and harvested between March and May. It is also found in the south of New South Wales. The shikimic acid is extracted from the seeds in a 10-stage manufacturing process which takes a year.
[7] led to another series of shortages, as stocks of Tamiflu were built up around the world, sending prices soaring.2009 swine flu outbreak bacteria. The E. coli now derives some of the raw material it needs from fermentation by Roche [6][5][4]
Middle East, American Civil War, Bible, Apiaceae, Fennel
Hanoi, Laos, Cambodia, Philippines, Thailand
Australian Capital Territory, Sydney, Australia, States and territories of Australia, Queensland
Tajikistan, Iran, Afghanistan, Tajik language, Middle Persian
Yunnan, Myanmar, Guangxi, Vietnam, Taiwan
Australia, Woody plant, Nymphaeales, Southeast Asia, Caribbean
Cao Bằng Province, Quảng Ninh Province, Guangxi, Thái Nguyên Province, Bắc Giang Province
Capsicum, Paprika, Spice, Potassium, Manganese