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The Japonic language family includes the Japanese language spoken on the main islands of Japan as well as the Ryukyuan languages spoken in the Ryukyu Islands. The family is widely accepted by linguists, and the term "Japonic languages" was coined by Leon Serafim.[2] The common ancestral language is known as Proto-Japonic.[3] The essential feature of this classification is that the first split in the family resulted in the separation of all dialects of Japanese from all varieties of Ryukyuan. According to Shiro Hattori, this separation occurred during the Yamato period (250–710).[4]
Scholarly discussions about the origin of Japonic languages present an unresolved set of related issues.[5] The clearest connections seem to be with toponyms in southern Korea, which may be in Gaya (Kara) or other scarcely attested languages.[6]
The Japonic (or Japanese–Ryukyuan) languages are:
Beckwith includes toponymic material from southern Korea as evidence of an additional ancient Japonic language there:[7]
It is not clear if "pre-Kara" was related to the language of the later Gaya (Kara) confederacy.
The relationship of the Japonic (or Japanese–Ryukyuan) languages to other languages and language families is controversial. There are numerous hypotheses, none of which are generally accepted.
Japanese language, World War II, Kagoshima Prefecture, Japonic languages, Ryukyu Islands
Formosan languages, Madagascar, Malayo-Polynesian languages, Taiwan, Tai–Kadai languages
Hiragana, Katakana, Ryukyuan languages, World War II, Altaic languages
Google, University of Texas at Austin, HathiTrust, Uniform resource locator, Metadata
Turkic languages, Mongolic languages, Tungusic languages, Korean language, Austronesian languages
Altaic languages, Turkic languages, Mongolic languages, Austronesian languages, Siberia
Ryukyuan languages, Ethnologue, Japonic languages, Japanese language, Unesco