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List of Presidents of the United States

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Title: List of Presidents of the United States  
Author: World Heritage Encyclopedia
Language: English
Subject: Veterans of Foreign Wars, List of counties in Missouri, Abraham Lincoln, Herbert Hoover, Jimmy Carter
Collection: Lists of Presidents, Lists Relating to the United States Presidency, Presidents of the United States
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List of Presidents of the United States

The White House, the president's official residence and center of the administration

Under the United States Constitution, the President of the United States is the head of state and head of government of the United States. As chief of the executive branch and head of the federal government as a whole, the presidency is the highest political office in the United States by influence and recognition. The president is also the commander-in-chief of the United States Armed Forces. The president is indirectly elected to a four-year term by an Electoral College (or by the House of Representatives, should the Electoral College fail to award an absolute majority of votes to any person). Since the ratification of the Twenty-second Amendment to the United States Constitution in 1951, no person may be elected President more than twice, and no one who has served more than two years of a term to which someone else was elected may be elected more than once.[1] Upon the death, resignation, or removal from office of an incumbent President, the Vice President assumes the office. The President must be at least 35 years of age, has to have lived in the United States for 14 years, and has to be a "natural born" citizen of the United States.

This list includes only those persons who were sworn into office as president following the ratification of the United States Constitution, which took effect on March 4, 1789. For American leaders before this ratification, see President of the Continental Congress.[2] The list does not include any Acting Presidents under the Twenty-fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution.

There have been 43 people sworn into office, and 44 presidencies, as Grover Cleveland served two non-consecutive terms and is counted chronologically as both the 22nd and 24th president. Of the individuals elected as president, four died in office of natural causes (William Henry Harrison,[3] Zachary Taylor,[4] Warren G. Harding,[5] and Franklin D. Roosevelt), four were assassinated (Abraham Lincoln,[6] James A. Garfield,[6][7] William McKinley,[8] and John F. Kennedy) and one resigned (Richard Nixon).[9]

Roman Catholic faith, and the current president, Barack Obama, is the first president of African descent.[10]

Contents

  • List of presidents 1
  • Living former presidents 2
  • See also 3
  • Notes 4
  • References 5
  • External links 6

List of presidents

Parties

      No party       Federalist       Democratic-Republican       Democratic       Whig       Republican

№ President Took office Left office Party Term
[n 1] 		Previous office Vice President
1
George Washington
(1732–1799)
[11][12][13] 		April 30, 1789
[n 2] 		March 4, 1797 n/a[14] 1
(1789) 		Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army
(1775–1783) 		  John Adams
2
(1792)
2
ADAMS,John-President (BEP engraved portrait).jpg
John Adams
(1735–1826)
[15][16][17] 		March 4, 1797 March 4, 1801
[n 3] 		Federalist 3
(1796) 		Vice President Thomas Jefferson
3
JEFFERSON, Thomas-President (BEP engraved portrait).jpg
Thomas Jefferson
(1743–1826)
[18][19][20] 		March 4, 1801 March 4, 1809 Democratic-
Republican 		4
(1800) 		Vice President Aaron Burr
March 4, 1801 – March 4, 1805
5
(1804) 		March 4, 1805 – April 20, 1812
[n 4]
4
MADISON, James-President (BEP engraved portrait).jpg
James Madison
(1751–1836)
[21][22][23] 		March 4, 1809 March 4, 1817 Democratic-
Republican 		6
(1808) 		Secretary of State
(1801–1809) 		 
Vacant[n 5]
April 20, 1812 – March 4, 1813
7
(1812) 		Elbridge Gerry[n 4]
March 4, 1813 – November 23, 1814
Vacant[n 5]
November 23, 1814 – March 4, 1817
5
MONROE, James-President (BEP engraved portrait).jpg
James Monroe
(1758–1831)
[24][25][26] 		March 4, 1817 March 4, 1825 Democratic-
Republican 		8
(1816) 		Secretary of State
(1811–1817) 		Daniel D. Tompkins
9
(1820)
6
ADAMS, John Q-President (BEP engraved portrait).jpg
John Quincy Adams
(1767–1848)
[27][28][29] 		March 4, 1825 March 4, 1829
[n 3] 		Democratic-
Republican 		10
(1824) 		Secretary of State
(1817–1825) 		John C. Calhoun[n 6]
March 4, 1825 – December 28, 1832
7
JACKSON, Andrew-President (BEP engraved portrait).jpg
Andrew Jackson
(1767–1845)
[30][31][32] 		March 4, 1829 March 4, 1837 Democratic 11
(1828) 		U.S. Senator from Tennessee
(1823–1825) 		 
Vacant[n 5]
December 28, 1832 – March 4, 1833
12
(1832) 		Martin Van Buren
March 4, 1833 – March 4, 1837
8
VAN BUREN, Martin-President (BEP engraved portrait).jpg
Martin Van Buren
(1782–1862)
[33][34][35] 		March 4, 1837 March 4, 1841
[n 3] 		Democratic 13
(1836) 		Vice President Richard Mentor Johnson
9
HARRISON, William H-President (BEP engraved portrait).jpg
William Henry Harrison
(1773–1841)
[36][37][38] 		March 4, 1841 April 4, 1841
[n 4] 		Whig 14
(1840) 		Minister to Colombia
(1828–1829) 		John Tyler
10
TYLER, John-President (BEP engraved portrait).jpg
John Tyler
(1790–1862)
[39][40][41] 		April 4, 1841 March 4, 1845 Whig
April 4, 1841 – September 13, 1841 		Vice President
[n 7] 		Vacant[n 5]
Independent[n 8]
September 13, 1841 – March 4, 1845
11
POLK, James-President (BEP engraved portrait).jpg
James K. Polk
(1795–1849)
[42][43][44] 		March 4, 1845 March 4, 1849 Democratic 15
(1844) 		Governor of Tennessee
(1839–1841) 		George M. Dallas
12
Zachary_Taylor-circa1850.jpg
Zachary Taylor
(1784–1850)
[45][46][47] 		March 4, 1849 July 9, 1850
[n 4] 		Whig 16
(1848) 		U.S. Army Major general from the 1st Infantry Regiment
(1846–1849) 		Millard Fillmore
13
Fillmore.jpg
Millard Fillmore
(1800–1874)
[48][49][50] 		July 9, 1850 March 4, 1853
[n 9] 		Whig Vice President Vacant[n 5]
14
Mathew Brady - Franklin Pierce - alternate crop.jpg
Franklin Pierce
(1804–1869)
[51][52][53] 		March 4, 1853 March 4, 1857 Democratic 17
(1852) 		U.S. Army Brigadier general from the 9th Infantry Regiment
(1847–1848) 		William R. King[n 4]
March 4, 1853 – April 18, 1853
Vacant[n 5]
April 18, 1853 – March 4, 1857
15
James Buchanan.jpg
James Buchanan
(1791–1868)
[54][55][56] 		March 4, 1857 March 4, 1861 Democratic 18
(1856) 		Minister to the United Kingdom
(1853–1856) 		John C. Breckinridge
16
Abraham Lincoln November 1863.jpg
Abraham Lincoln
(1809–1865)
[57][58][59] 		March 4, 1861 April 15, 1865
[n 10] 		Republican 19
(1860) 		U.S. Representative from Illinois
(1847–1849) 		Hannibal Hamlin
March 4, 1861 – March 4, 1865
Republican
National Union[n 11] 		20
(1864) 		Andrew Johnson
March 4, 1865 – April 15, 1865
17
President Andrew Johnson.jpg
Andrew Johnson
(1808–1875)
[60][61][62] 		April 15, 1865 March 4, 1869 Democratic
National Union[n 11]
Independent[n 12] 		Vice President Vacant
[n 5]
18
UlyssesGrant.png
Ulysses S. Grant
(1822–1885)
[63][64][65] 		March 4, 1869 March 4, 1877 Republican 21
(1868) 		Commanding General of the U.S. Army
(1864–1869) 		Schuyler Colfax
March 4, 1869 – March 4, 1873
22
(1872) 		Henry Wilson[n 4]
March 4, 1873 – November 22, 1875
Vacant[n 5]
November 22, 1875 – March 4, 1877
19
President Rutherford Hayes 1870 - 1880.jpg
Rutherford B. Hayes
(1822–1893)
[66][67][68] 		March 4, 1877 March 4, 1881 Republican 23
(1876) 		Governor of Ohio
(1868–1872, 1876–1877) 		William A. Wheeler
20
James Abram Garfield, photo portrait seated.jpg
James A. Garfield
(1831–1881)
[69][70][71] 		March 4, 1881 September 19, 1881
[n 10] 		Republican 24
(1880) 		U.S. Representative from Ohio
(1863–1881) 		Chester A. Arthur
21
Chester Alan Arthur.jpg
Chester A. Arthur
(1829–1886)
[72][73][74] 		September 19, 1881 March 4, 1885 Republican Vice President Vacant[n 5]
22 Grover Cleveland
(1837–1908)
[75][76] 		March 4, 1885 March 4, 1889
[n 3] 		Democratic 25
(1884) 		Governor of New York
(1883–1885) 		Thomas A. Hendricks[n 4]
March 4, 1885 – November 25, 1885
Vacant[n 5]
November 25, 1885 – March 4, 1889
23
Pach Brothers - Benjamin Harrison.jpg
Benjamin Harrison
(1833–1901)
[77][78][79] 		March 4, 1889 March 4, 1893
[n 3] 		Republican 26
(1888) 		U.S. Senator from Indiana
(1881–1887) 		Levi P. Morton
24 Grover Cleveland
(1837–1908)
[75][76] 		March 4, 1893 March 4, 1897 Democratic 27
(1892) 		President
(1885–1889) 		Adlai Stevenson
25
William McKinley 1.png
William McKinley
(1843–1901)
[80][81][82] 		March 4, 1897 September 14, 1901
[n 10] 		Republican 28
(1896) 		Governor of Ohio
(1892–1896) 		Garret Hobart[n 4]
March 4, 1897 – November 21, 1899
Vacant[n 5]
November 21, 1899 – March 4, 1901
29
(1900) 		Theodore Roosevelt
March 4, 1901 – September 14, 1901
26
President Theodore Roosevelt, 1904.jpg
Theodore Roosevelt
(1858–1919)
[83][84][85] 		September 14, 1901 March 4, 1909
[n 9] 		Republican Vice President Vacant[n 5]
September 14, 1901 – March 4, 1905
30
(1904) 		Charles W. Fairbanks
March 4, 1905 – March 4, 1909
27
William Howard Taft, Bain bw photo portrait, 1908.jpg
William Howard Taft
(1857–1930)
[86][87][88] 		March 4, 1909 March 4, 1913
[n 3] 		Republican 31
(1908) 		Secretary of War
(1904–1908) 		James S. Sherman[n 4]
March 4, 1909 – October 30, 1912
Vacant[n 5]
October 30, 1912 – March 4, 1913
28
President Woodrow Wilson portrait December 2 1912.jpg
Woodrow Wilson
(1856–1924)
[89][90][91] 		March 4, 1913 March 4, 1921 Democratic 32
(1912) 		Governor of New Jersey
(1911–1913) 		Thomas R. Marshall
33
(1916)
29
Warren G Harding-Harris & Ewing.jpg
Warren G. Harding
(1865–1923)
[92][93][94] 		March 4, 1921 August 2, 1923
[n 4] 		Republican 34
(1920) 		U.S. Senator from Ohio
(1915–1921) 		Calvin Coolidge
30
John Calvin Coolidge, Bain bw photo portrait.jpg
Calvin Coolidge
(1872–1933)
[95][96][97] 		August 2, 1923 March 4, 1929 Republican Vice President Vacant[n 5]
August 2, 1923 – March 4, 1925
35
(1924) 		Charles G. Dawes
March 4, 1925 – March 4, 1929
31
HerbertHoover.jpg
Herbert Hoover
(1874–1964)
[98][99][100] 		March 4, 1929 March 4, 1933
[n 3] 		Republican 36
(1928) 		Secretary of Commerce
(1921–1928) 		Charles Curtis
32
Franklin D. Roosevelt - NARA - 196715.jpg
Franklin D. Roosevelt
(1882–1945)
[101][102][103] 		March 4, 1933 (1933-03-04) April 12, 1945 (1945-04-12)
[n 4] 		Democratic 37
(1932)
[n 13] 		Governor of New York
(1929–1932) 		John Nance Garner
March 4, 1933 – January 20, 1941
38
(1936)
39
(1940) 		Henry A. Wallace
January 20, 1941 – January 20, 1945
40
(1944) 		Harry S. Truman
January 20, 1945 – April 12, 1945
33
Harry-truman.jpg
Harry S. Truman
(1884–1972)
[104][105][106] 		April 12, 1945 January 20, 1953 Democratic Vice President Vacant[n 5]
April 12, 1945 – January 20, 1949
41
(1948) 		Alben W. Barkley
January 20, 1949 – January 20, 1953
34
Dwight D. Eisenhower, White House photo portrait, February 1959.jpg
Dwight D. Eisenhower
(1890–1969)
[107][108][109] 		January 20, 1953 January 20, 1961
[n 14] 		Republican 42
(1952) 		Supreme Allied Commander Europe
(1949–1952) 		Richard Nixon
43
(1956)
35
Jfk2.jpg
John F. Kennedy
(1917–1963)
[110][111][112] 		January 20, 1961 November 22, 1963
[n 10] 		Democratic 44
(1960) 		U.S. Senator from Massachusetts
(1953–1960) 		Lyndon B. Johnson
36
Lyndon B. Johnson, photo portrait, leaning on chair, color.jpg
Lyndon B. Johnson
(1908–1973)
[113][114] 		November 22, 1963 January 20, 1969 Democratic Vice President Vacant[n 5]
November 22, 1963 – January 20, 1965
45
(1964) 		Hubert Humphrey
January 20, 1965 – January 20, 1969
37
Richard_M._Nixon,_ca._1935_-_1982_-_NARA_-_530679.jpg
Richard Nixon
(1913–1994)
[115][116][117] 		January 20, 1969 August 9, 1974
[n 6] 		Republican 46
(1968) 		Vice President
(1953–1961) 		Spiro Agnew[n 6]
January 20, 1969 – October 10, 1973
47
(1972) 		 
Vacant[n 5]
October 10, 1973 – December 6, 1973
Gerald Ford
December 6, 1973 – August 9, 1974
38
Gerald Ford.jpg
Gerald Ford
(1913–2006)
[118][119][120] 		August 9, 1974 January 20, 1977
[n 15] 		Republican Vice President Vacant[n 5]
August 9, 1974 – December 19, 1974
Nelson Rockefeller
December 19, 1974 – January 20, 1977
39
JimmyCarterPortrait.jpg
Jimmy Carter
(born 1924)
[121][122][123] 		January 20, 1977 January 20, 1981
[n 3] 		Democratic 48
(1976) 		Governor of Georgia
(1971–1975) 		Walter Mondale
40
Official Portrait of President Reagan 1981.jpg
Ronald Reagan
(1911–2004)
[124][125][126] 		January 20, 1981 January 20, 1989 Republican 49
(1980) 		Governor of California
(1967–1975) 		George H. W. Bush
50
(1984)
41
George H. W. Bush
(born 1924)
[127][128][129] 		January 20, 1989 January 20, 1993
[n 3] 		Republican 51
(1988) 		Vice President Dan Quayle
42 Bill Clinton
(born 1946)
[130][131][132] 		January 20, 1993 January 20, 2001 Democratic 52
(1992) 		Governor of Arkansas
(1979–1981, 1983–1992) 		Al Gore
53
(1996)
43 George W. Bush
(born 1946)
[133][134][135] 		January 20, 2001 January 20, 2009 Republican 54
(2000) 		Governor of Texas
(1995–2000) 		Dick Cheney
55
(2004)
44 Barack Obama
(born 1961)
[136][137][138] 		January 20, 2009 Incumbent Democratic 56
(2008) 		U.S. Senator from Illinois
(2005–2008) 		Joe Biden
57
(2012)

Living former presidents

As of January 2015, there are four living former presidents:

President Term of office Date of birth
Jimmy Carter 1977–1981 (1924-10-01) October 1, 1924
George H. W. Bush 1989–1993 (1924-06-12) June 12, 1924
Bill Clinton 1993–2001 (1946-08-19) August 19, 1946
George W. Bush 2001–2009 (1946-07-06) July 6, 1946

The most recent death of a former president was that of Gerald Ford (1974–77) on December 26, 2006, aged 93.

See also

Notes

  1. ^ For the purposes of numbering, a presidency is defined as an uninterrupted period of time in office served by one person. For example, Richard Nixon, Gerald Ford became the 38th president even though he simply served out the remainder of Nixon's second term and was never elected to the presidency in his own right. Grover Cleveland was both the 22nd president and the 24th president because his two terms were not consecutive. A period during which a vice-president temporarily becomes Acting President under the Twenty-fifth Amendment is not a presidency, because the president remains in office during such a period.
  2. ^ Instead of being inaugurated on March 4, 1789, George Washington's first-term inaugural was postponed 57 days (1 month and 27 days) to April 30, 1789, because the U.S. Congress had not yet achieved a quorum.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i Unseated (lost re-election).
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Died in office of natural causes.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r Prior to ratification of the Twenty-fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution in 1967, there was no mechanism by which a vacancy in the Vice Presidency could be filled. Richard Nixon was the first president to fill such a vacancy under the provisions of the Twenty-fifth Amendment when he appointed Gerald Ford. Ford later became the second president to fill a vice presidential vacancy when he appointed Nelson Rockefeller to succeed him.
  6. ^ a b c Resigned.
  7. ^ Being the first vice president to assume the presidency, Tyler set a precedent that a vice president who assumes the office of president becomes a fully functioning president who has his own presidency, as opposed to just a caretaker president. His political opponents attempted to refer to him as "Acting President", but he refused to allow that. The Twenty-fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution put Tyler's precedent into the Constitution.
  8. ^ Former Democrat who ran for Vice President on Whig ticket. Clashed with Whig congressional leaders and was expelled from the Whig party in 1841.
  9. ^ a b Later sought election or re-election to a non-consecutive term.
  10. ^ a b c d Assassinated.
  11. ^ a b Abraham Lincoln and Andrew Johnson were, respectively, a Republican and a Democrat who ran on the National Union ticket in 1864.
  12. ^ Andrew Johnson did not identify with the two main parties while president and tried and failed to build a party of loyalists under the National Union label. His failure to build a true National Union Party left Johnson without a party.
  13. ^ The Twentieth Amendment to the United States Constitution went into effect in 1933, moving the 1937 inauguration day from March 4 to January 20, and shortening this term by 43 days.
  14. ^ Dwight Eisenhower is the first president to have been legally prohibited by the Twenty-second Amendment to the United States Constitution from seeking a third term.
  15. ^ Sought an election for a full term, but was unsuccessful

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