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This is a list of astronauts by year of selection, people selected for training for a human spaceflight program to command, pilot, or serve as a crew member of a spacecraft. Until recently, astronauts were sponsored and trained exclusively by governments, either by the military or by civilian space agencies. However, with the first sub-orbital flight of the privately funded SpaceShipOne in 2004, a new category of astronaut was created – the commercial astronaut.
While the term astronaut is sometimes applied to anyone who travels into space, including scientists, politicians, journalists, and tourists, this article only lists professional astronauts. A list of everyone who has flown in space can be found at List of space travelers by name.
As of 2008, more than 480 people have trained as astronauts.
North American X-15 Pilots Group – USA
Note: Facts from Michael Cassutt's book Who's Who in Space.
June 25 – Man In Space Soonest – USA
April 9 – NASA Group 1 – Mercury Seven – USA
March 7 – Air Force Group 1 – USSR
April – Dyna-Soar Group 1 – USA
March 12 – Female Group – USSR
September 17 – NASA Group 2 – The Next Nine (Also: The Nifty Nine, The New Nine) – USA
September 19 – Dyna-Soar Group 2 – USA
January 10 – Air Force Group 2 – USSR
October 17 – NASA Group 3 – The Fourteen – USA
January 25 – Air Force Group 2 Supplemental – USSR
May 26 – Voskhod Group (Medical Group 1) – USSR
June 11 – Civilian Specialist Group 1 – USSR
June 1 – Journalist Group 1 – USSR
June 1 – Medical Group 2 – USSR
June 28 – NASA Group 4 – The Scientists – USA
October 28 – Air Force Group 3 – USSR
November – USAF MOL Group 1 – USA
April 4 – NASA Group 5 – USA
May 23 – Civilian Specialist Group 2 – USSR
June 30 – USAF MOL Group 2 – USA
September - Military Cosmonaut Group - USSR
January 31 – Civilian Specialist Group 2 Supplemental – USSR
February (official) - Soviet manned lunar programs cosmonauts in two training groups - USSR
May 7 – Air Force Group 4 – USSR
May 22 – Academy of Sciences Group – USSR
June – USAF MOL Group 3 – USA
October 4 – NASA Group 6 – XS-11 (The Excess Eleven) – USA
May 27 – Civilian Specialist Group 3 – USSR
August 14 – NASA Group 7 – USA
September 10 – Civilian Engineer Group – USSR
April 27 – Air Force Group 5 – USSR
February 25 – 1971 Scientific Group – USSR
May – Shuguang Group 1970 – China
March 22 – Civilian Specialist Group 4 – USSR
March 22 – Medical Group 3 – USSR
March 27 – Civilian Specialist Group 5 – USSR
January 1 – Physician Group – USSR
August 23 – Air Force Group 6 – USSR
November 25 – 1976 Intercosmos Group – USSR
July 12, 1977 - The first group of test pilots for the project "Buran" (Gromov Flight Research Institute group) - USSR
January 16 – NASA Group 8 – TFNG (Thirty-Five New Guys) – USA
March 1 – 1978 Intercosmos Group – USSR
May 1 – Spacelab Payload Specialists Group 1 – ESA
August – USAF Manned Spaceflight Engineer – Group 1[4]
April 1 – 1979 Intercosmos Group – USSR
May 29 – NASA Group 9 – USA
July 30 – LII-1/IMBP-3/MAP/NPOE-5/AN-2 Cosmonaut Group – Soviet Union[5]
1980 – CNES Group 1 – France
August – USAF Manned Spaceflight Engineer – Group 2[4]
September 11 – 1982 Intercosmos Group – India
December 1 – Spacelab Payload Specialists Group – Germany
April 25, 1983 - The second group of test pilots for the project "Buran" (Gromov Flight Research Institute group) - USSR
December – NRC Group – Canada
February 15 – NPOE-6 Cosmonaut Group – Soviet Union
May 23 – NASA Group 10 – The Maggots – USA
June 12, 1984 - The third group of test pilots for the project "Buran" (Gromov Flight Research Institute group) - USSR
Victor Zabolotski
May – ISRO Insat Group – India
June – Mexico
June 4 – NASA Group 11 – USA
July 19 – NASA Teacher in Space Program – USA
August 1 – 1985 NASDA Group – Japan
August – USAF Manned Spaceflight Engineer – Group 3[4]
September 2 – GKNII-2/NPOE-7 Cosmonaut Group – Soviet Union
September 18 – CNES Group 2 – France
September 30 - 1985 Intercosmos Group – Syria
October – Indonesian Palapa Group – Indonesia
December 27 - ATLAS-1 - ESA
January 2, 1986 - The fourth group of test pilots for the project "Buran" (Gromov Flight Research Institute group) - USSR
Sergey Tresvyatski, Yuri Schaeffer
January 5 - Shipka Group – Bulgaria
March 26 – TsPK-8/NPOE-8 Cosmonaut Group – Soviet Union
June 5 – NASA Group 12 – The GAFFers – USA
August 3 – 1987 German Group
February 12 – OS „Mir” Group - Afghanistan
January 25 – IMBP-5/GKNII-3/NPOE-9/TsPK-10 Cosmonaut Group – Soviet Union
22 March 1989 - The last group of test pilots for the project "Buran" (Gromov Flight Research Institute group) - USSR
Yuri Prikhodko
May 23 – 1989 Italian Group
September 29 – ATLAS Payload Specialists – NASA
November 25 – Project Juno (UK-Soviet Union)
January 17 – NASA Group 13 – The Hairballs – USA
February – CNES Group 3 – France
May 11 – TsPK-11 Cosmonaut Group – Soviet Union
October 8 – 1990 German Group
March 3 – NPOE-10 Cosmonaut Group – Russia
March 31 – NASA Group 14 – The Hogs – USA
April – 1992 NASDA Group – Japan
June – CSA Group 2 – Canada
May 15 – 1992 ESA Group – ESA
April 1 – NPOE-11 Cosmonaut Group – Russia
December 12 – NASA Group 15 – The Flying Escargot – USA
February 9 – MKS/RKKE-12 Cosmonaut Group – Russia
March 26 – MKS supplemental cosmonaut group – Russia
May 1 – NASA Group 16 – The Sardines – USA
June – NASDA Group – Japan
October – China Group 1996 – China
November - Shuttle-97 Group – Ukraine
April (?) - Shuttle Group - Israel[7]
July 28 – TsPK-12/RKKE-13 Cosmonaut Group – Russia
January – Chinese Group 1 – China
February 24 – RKKE-14 Cosmonaut Group – Russia
Mart 2 - OS „Mir” Stefanik Group – Slovakia
June 4 – NASA Group 17 – The Penguins – USA
October 7 – 1998 ESA Group – ESA
February – 1999 NASDA Group – Japan
1 November – 1999 ESA Group – Europe
July 26 – NASA Group 18 – The Bugs – USA
November 12 – Canadian Arrow astronaut team – Canada
David Ballinger, Larry C. Clark, Jason Paul Dyer, Marvin Edward 'Ted' Gow, Yaroslav 'Yarko' Pustovyi, Wayne 'Terry' Wong
May 23 – TsPK-13/RKKE-15/IMBP-6 Cosmonaut Group – Russia
Kazakhstan - Group 1
September 11 – SpaceShipOne – USA[10]
May 6 – NASA Group 19 – The Peacocks – USA
March 30 – Virgin Galactic Astronaut Pilots Group – UK[12]
September 4 – Angkasawan Group – Malaysia[13]
October 11 – TsPK-14/RKKE-16 Cosmonaut Group – Russia
December 25 – Korean Astronaut Program Group
June 8 – Ecuadorian Space Agency ASA/T Astronaut Experimental Training Program - ECU [14] [15] [16]
July – Virgin Galactic Astronaut Pilots Group – UK[19]
February 25 – JAXA Group – Japan
May 13 – CSA Group – Canada
May 20 – ESA Group – The Shenanigans – ESA[20]
June 29 – NASA Group 20 – Chumps[21] – USA
September 8 – JAXA Group – Japan
March - Chinese Group 2 – China[23]
April 12 - Astronauts4Hire – Group 1[24]
June 7 - Astronauts4Hire – Group 2[25]
October 12 – TsPK-15/RKKE-17 Cosmonaut Group – Russia[26]
February 28 - Astronauts4Hire – Group 3[27]
October 26 – Virgin Galactic Astronaut Pilots Group – UK[28]
October 30 – TsPK- Addition Group – Russia[29]
May 8 - Virgin Galactic Astronaut Pilots Group – UK[30]
June 3 - Astronauts4Hire – Group 4[31]
June 17 – NASA Group 21 – 8-Balls[33] – USA
July 9 – Bigelow Aerospace Astronaut Group 1 - USA[34]
Feb 8 - PoSSUM Scientist-Astronaut Group 1501 [35]
July 9 - NASA Commercial Crew Program [36]
Some companies, such as the contenders for the Ansari X PRIZE for the first non-governmental reusable manned spacecraft, named their spacecraft pilots from the period between 2003 – 2004 the following: The head of company Starchaser Industries Steve Bennett (United Kingdom), and astronaut Matt Shewbridge;[37] former NASA astronauts – American: John Bennett Herrington (Pioneer Rocketplane), Richard Searfoss (XCOR Aerospace); pilot Dick Rutan (XCOR Aerospace); Canadian engineer Brian Feeney (da Vinci Project); a veteran Wally Funk from Mercury 13 (Interorbital Systems) ua.
From a variety of sources (Magazine Wired, Getty Images, Jim Sugar Photography), there are also Scaled Composites and Virgin Galactic other pilot or astronaut names: Michael Alsbury (killed in 2014 Virgin Galactic crash), Rob Bendall (Canada), Richard Branson, Peter Kalogiannis, Niki Lauda (Austria),[38] Brian Maisler, Clint Nichols, Wes Persall, Burt Rutan, Peter Seiffert, Peter Siebold, Mark Stucky.
SpaceX already employs former NASA astronauts Ken Bowersox and Garrett Reisman, and Boeing plans to hire some soon.[39] Boeing welcomes a former NASA astronaut Chris Ferguson to Space Exploration Team.[40] July 22, 2013 astronauts Serena Aunon and Randy Bresnik put on NASA's iconic orange launch-and-entry suits and then individually tested their maneuverability inside the CST-100 capsule[41] The candidates for Boeing's astronaut corps could include former NASA astronauts as well as test pilots who have never flown in space before.[42][43]
The new Teachers in Space Project began in 2005. In 2012, the United States Rocket Academy announced that the program was expanding to include a broader range of participants and was renamed Citizens in Space:
For its first phase, Citizens in Space will be selecting and training 10 citizen astronaut candidates to fly as payload operators. Four astronaut candidates already in training ( Maureen Adams, Steve Heck, Michael Johnson, and Edward Wright).[44] Earlier it was mentioned as a citizen-astronaut candidate to the informal educator and aerospace historian Gregory Kennedy.[45]
Founders of Copenhagen Suborbitals (2008, Denmark) are Kristian von Bengtson and Peter Madsen. If successful, Denmark will be the fourth nation to launch humans above the Kármán line. Peter Madsen is scheduled for the first flight, then Kristian von Bengtson will attempt a low earth orbit mission.
A4H.
The very first, a private firm that tried to build a suborbital space rocket was Truax Engineering, Inc. The first person to fly in the rocket had already been selected, an engineer named Jeana Yeager, who already worked for Truax Engineering. (From the book - Realizing Tomorrow: The Path to Private Spaceflight. By Chris Dubbs, Emeline Paat-Dahlstrom, p. 51) At various times to end of the 1980th, one by one, trained for the first flight: Ronald Beller, Martin Yahn, Ray Upton, Daniel J. Correa and Fell Peters. The project stalled for lack of money.
The company Waypoint 2 Space[53] announced January 28, 2014 that it had received FAA safety approval for its training services. Waypoint 2 Space lead the evolution of Commercial Spaceflight Training through a collaboration with NASA centers. Operating from the global hub of space technology – Johnson Space Center in Houston, Texas – a company are helping to shape the future of the Commercial Space Industry. By paying cash, each person will be able to train to spaceflight.[54]
An American non-profit organization founded by Dennis Tito Inspiration Mars Foundation aims to launch a manned mission to flyby Mars in January 2018, or, if the 2018 date is missed, 2021. Flight participants would be husband and wife, they had better psychological compatibility, and are therefore very likely candidates - project participants Jane Poynter and Taber MacCallum, which has been acquired some experience by participating in the experiment Biosphere 2[51][52]
[50]
A Mars One plans to establish a permanent human colony on Mars by 2023. The private spaceflight project is led by Dutch entrepreneur Bas Lansdorp, who announced plans for the Mars One mission in May 2012. Mars One astronaut selection announcement in 19 April 2013 and starts its search for the first humans on Mars 22 April 2013. August 2013 to fly to Mars had applied for more than 200,000 people.[49] Flights are provided without returning to Earth. The results of applicants selected for round 2 were declared on December 30 of 2013. A total of 1,058 applicants from 107 countries were selected.
AXE is creating 9 January 2013 the AXE Apollo Space Academy (A.A.S.A) with space futurist and one of the first men to walk on the moon, Buzz Aldrin. Beginning this day, by joining A.A.S.A at AXEApollo.com, guys and girls will have a chance to compete for one of 22 tickets to travel to space on a flight with international space agency, Space Expedition Corporation (SXC).[47] The spaceship will be XCOR Aerospace Lynx. A careful selection result of the 5. December 2013 were selected 23 candidates for the flight, which will take place in 2014 or 2015 year.[48]
June 3, 2013 Astronauts for Hire (A4H) proudly announces the selection of its fourth group of commercial scientist-astronaut candidates. [46]
International Space Station, Nasa, Space Shuttle Atlantis, Apollo program, European Space Agency
Apollo program, International Space Station, Soviet Union, Mars, Space Shuttle
Russia, Russian language, European Space Agency, Space Shuttle, United States
Project Mercury, Apollo program, International Space Station, Spaceflight, Nasa
Space Shuttle Challenger, Space Shuttle Columbia, Space Shuttle Enterprise, United States Department of Defense, Tracking and Data Relay Satellite
Mars, Houston, Nasa, Space Shuttle program, Victor J. Glover
Space Shuttle Atlantis, Space Shuttle Discovery, Space Shuttle Endeavour, Nasa, Space Shuttle
Space Shuttle Endeavour, Space Shuttle Atlantis, Space Shuttle Columbia, Space Shuttle Discovery, Nasa
Canada, Nasa, Japan, Serena M. Auñón, Jeanette J. Epps