List of philosophers (D–H)

Philosophers (and others important in the history of philosophy), listed alphabetically:

Note: This list has a minimal criteria for inclusion and the relevance to philosophy of some individuals on the list is disputed.

D

• Jean le Rond d'Alembert, (1717–1783)^[1][2][3][4]
• Damascius, (c. 462-540)^[1][2][4]
• Peter Damian, (c. 1007-1072)^[2][4][5]
• Arthur Danto, (born 1924)^[1][2][3]
• Charles Darwin, (1809–1882)^[2][4]
• Erasmus Darwin, (1731–1802)^[2]
• David of Dinant, (12th century)^[2][4]
• David the Invincible, (late 6th century)^[5]
• Donald Davidson, (1917–2003)^{[1][2][3][4][5]}
• Jalal al-Din al-Dawani, (1426–1502)^[4]
• Simone de Beauvoir, (1908–1986)^[2][3][4][5]
• Bruno de Finetti, (1906–1985)^[2][3]
• Joseph de Maistre, (1753–1821)^[1][2][3]
• Paul de Man, (1919–1983)^[4]
• ^[4][3][2]]1[
• Francesco de Sanctis, (1817–1883)^[2]
• Richard Dedekind, (1831–1916)^[1][3][4]
• Gilles Deleuze, (1925–1995)^[2][3][4][5]
• Elijah Delmedigo, (1460–1497)^[4][5]
• ]2[
• Democritus, (460-370 BC)^{[1][2][3][4][5]}
• Daniel Dennett, (born 1942)^[1][2][3][4]
• Denys the Carthusian (or Denys de Leeuwis), (1402–1471)^[4]
• Jacques Derrida, (1930–2004)^{[1][2][3][4][5]}
• René Descartes, (1596–1650)^{[1][2][3][4][5]}
• Robert Desgabets, (1610–1678)^[2][4][5]
• Antoine Destutt de Tracy, (1754–1836)^[2]
• Paul Deussen, (1845–1919)^[2]
• Alejandro Deustua, (1849–1945)^[2]
• John Dewey, (1859–1952)^[1][3][4]
• Dharmakirti, (c. 7th century)^[1][4]
• Albert Venn Dicey, (1835–1922)^[4]
• Denis Diderot, (1713–1784)^[1][2][3][4]
• Dietrich of Freiberg, (13th century)^[4][5]
• Kenelm Digby, (1603–1665)^[4]
• Dignaga, (c. 480-c. 540)^[4]
• Wilhelm Dilthey, (1833–1911)^[1][2][3][4]
• Hugo Dingler, (1881–1954)^[2]
• Diodorus Cronus, (3rd century BC)^[2][4][5]
• Diogenes Laertius, (3rd century)^[2][3][4]
• Diogenes of Apollonia, (c. 460 BC)^[2][4]
• Diogenes of Oenoanda, (2nd Century)^[4]
• Diogenes the Cynic of Sinope, (412-323 BC)^[2][3][4]
• Dogen Zenji (or Dōgen Kigen), (1200–1253)^[2][3][4]
• Dong Zhongshu (or Tung Chung-shu), (c. 176-c. 104)^[1][2][4]
• Herman Dooyeweerd, (1894–1977)^[4]
• Fyodor Dostoevsky, (1821–1881)^[2][4]
• Fred Dretske, (born 1932)^[1][2][3]
• Hans Adolf Eduard Driesch, (1867–1941)^[2]
• Emil du Bois-Reymond, (1818–1896)^[4]
• Jean-Baptiste Dubos, (1670–1742)^[2]
• Émilie du Châtelet, (1706–1749)^[4]
• Guillaume du Vair, (1556–1621)^[1]
• Curt Ducasse, (1881–1969)^[1][2][3][4]
• Pierre Duhem, (1861–1916)^{[1][2][3][4][5]}
• Eugen Dühring, (1833–1921)^[2][3][4]
• Michael Dummett, (born 1925)^[1][2][3][4]
• Duns Scotus, (c. 1266-1308)^{[1][2][3][4][5]}
• Profiat Duran (or Efodi or Isaac ben Moses Levi) (c. 1349-c. 1414)^[4]
• Simeon ben Zemah Duran (or Rashbaz), (1361–1444)^[4]
• Durandus of St. Pourçain, (c. 1275-1334)^[2][4]
• Émile Durkheim, (1858–1917)^[2][3][4]
• Ronald Dworkin, (born 1931)^[1][2][3][4]

E

• John Earman, (born 1942)^[2]
• Johann Augustus Eberhard, (1739–1809)^[2][4]
• Meister Eckhart, (1260-1327/8)^[1][2][4][5]
• Umberto Eco, (born 1932)^[1]
• Arthur Stanley Eddington, (1882–1944)^[2]
• Jonathan Edwards, (1703–1758)^{[1][2][3][4][5]}
• Paul Edwards, (1923–2004)^[3]
• Christian von Ehrenfels, (1856–1932)^[2]
• Albert Einstein, (1879–1955)^[1][2][3][4]
• Mircea Eliade, (1907–1986)^[4]
• Elias, (6th century) ^[5]
• ^[4]]2[
• T. S. Eliot, (1888–1965)^[2]
• Elisabeth of Bohemia, (1618–1680)^[1][2][4]
• Jon Elster, (born 1940)^[3]
• Ralph Waldo Emerson, (1803–1882)^{[1][2][3][4][5]}
• Empedocles, (490 BC-430 BC)^{[1][2][3][4][5]}
• Friedrich Engels (1820–1895)^[1][2][3][4]
• Epicharmus, (c. 540-450 BC)^[4]
• Epictetus, (AD 55-circa 135)^[2][3][4][5]
• Epicurus, (341 BC-270 BC)^[2][3][4][5]
• Desiderius Erasmus, (1466–1536)^{[1][2][3][4][5]}
• Johannes Scotus Eriugena, (c. 800-c. 880)^{[1][2][3][4][5]}
• Rudolf Christoph Eucken, (1846–1926)^[2]
• Eudoxus of Cnidus, (410 or 408 BC - 355 or 347 BC)^[1][4]
• Eusebius of Caesarea, (264-339)^[2][4]
• Gareth Evans, (1946–1980)^[2][3][4]

F

• Emil Fackenheim, (1916–2003)^[4]
• Thome H. Fang, (1899–1976)^[1]
• Frantz Fanon, (1925–1961)^[3][4]
• Al-Farabi, (870–950)^[1][2][3][4]
• Michael Faraday, (1791–1867)^[2]
• Michelangelo Fardella, (1646–1718)^[4]
• Raimundo de Farias Brito, (1862–1917)^[2]
• Austin Marsden Farrer, (1904–1968)^[4]
• Fazang (or Fa-Tsang), (643-712)^[4]
• Gustav Fechner, (1801–1887)^[1][2][4]
• Valentin Feldman, (1909–1942)
• Joel Feinberg, (1926–2004)^[2][3]
• François de Salignac de la Mothe-Fénelon, (1651–1715)^[2][4]
• Feng Youlan, (1895–1990)^[1]
• Adam Ferguson, (1723–1816)^[1][2][3][4]
• Ann Ferguson, (born 1938)^[2]
• Jose Ferrater-Mora, (1912–1991)^[3]
• Luigi Ferri, (1826–1895)^[2]
• James Frederick Ferrier, (1808–1864)^[2][4]
• Ludwig Feuerbach, (1804–1872)^{[1][2][3][4][5]}
• Paul Feyerabend, (1924–1994)^[3][4][5]
• Johann Gottlieb Fichte, (1762–1814)^{[1][2][3][4][5]}
• Marsilio Ficino, (1433–1499)^[1][2][3][4]
• Hartry Field, (born 1946)^[2][3]
• Robert Filmer, (1588–1653)^[1][2][3][4]
• Eugen Fink, (1905–1975)^[2]
• John Finnis, (born 1940)^[3]
• Kuno Fischer, (1824–1907)^[2]
• Ronald Fisher, (1890–1962)^[2]
• John Fiske, (1842–1901)^[2]
• Pavel Aleksandrovich Florenskii, (1882–1937)^[2][4]
• ]2[
• Robert Fludd, (1574–1637)^[1][2][4]
• Jerry Fodor, (born 1935)^[1][2][3][4]
• Robert J. Fogelin, (born 1932)^[3]
• Dagfinn Føllesdal, (born 1932)^[3]
• Pedro da Fonseca, (1528–1599)^[1][2][4]
• Bernard le Bovier de Fontenelle, (1657–1757)^[1][2][4]
• Philippa Foot, (born 1920)^[1][2][3]
• David Fordyce, (1711–1751)^[1]
• Michel Foucault, (1926–1984)^{[1][2][3][4][5]}
• Simon Foucher, (1644–1696)^[2][4]
• Alfred Fouillée, (1838–1922)^[2]
• Charles Fourier, (1772–1837)^[1][2]
• Francis of Marchia, (ca. 1290- ca. 1344)^[5]
• Francis of Meyronnes, (1285–1328)^[4]
• Sebastian Franck, (1499–1542)^[2]
• Jerome Frank, (1889–1957)^[4]
• Erich Frank, (1883–1949)^[2]
• Semën Liudvigovich Frank (1877–1950)^[2][4]
• William K. Frankena, (1908–1994)^[1][3]
• Harry Gordon Frankfurt, (born 1929)^[2][3]
• Benjamin Franklin, (1706–1790)^[2][3][4]
• Michael Frede, (1940–2007)^[3]
• Gottlob Frege, (1848–1925)^{[1][2][3][4][5]}
• Hans Frei, (1922–1988)^[4]
• Sigmund Freud, (1856–1939)^[1][2][3][4]
• Jakob Friedrich Fries, (1773–1843)^[2][4]
• Friedrich Fröbel, (1782–1852)^[2]
• Marilyn Frye, (born 1941)^[2]
• Fujiwara Seika, (1561–1619)^[4]
• Lon L. Fuller, (1902–1978)^[4]
• Nikolai Fyodorovich Fyodorov, (1828–1906)^[2][4]

G

• Gadadhara Bhattacharya, (1604–1709)^[4]
• ^[5][4][3][2]]1[
• Gaius, (110-180)^[4]
• Galen, (131-201)^[1][2][3][4]
• Galileo Galilei, (1564–1642)^{[1][2][3][4][5]}
• Pasquale Galluppi, (1770–1846)^[2]
• Mahatma Gandhi, (1869–1948)^[1][3][4]
• Gangeśa, (fl. c. 1325)^[4]
• Réginald Garrigou-Lagrange, (1887–1964)^[2][4]
• Christian Garve, (1742–1798)^[2]
• Pierre Gassendi, (1592–1655)^{[1][2][3][4][5]}
• Gaunilo, (11th century)^[2]
• Aksapada Gautama, (c. 2nd century BC)^[4]
• Siddhartha Gautama (or Buddha), (ca. 563-483 BC)^[1][4]
• David Gauthier, (born 1932)^[3]
• John Gay, (1685–1732)^[1][2]
• Peter Geach, (born 1919)^[1][3]
• Arnold Gehlen, (1904–1976)^[2]
• Antonio Genovesi, (1712–1769)^[2]
• Giovanni Gentile, (1875–1944)^[1][2][3][4]
• Gerhard Gentzen, (1909–1945)^[3][4]
• ]4[
• Gerard of Cremona, (1114–1187)^[4]
• Gerard of Odo (or Gerald Odonis), (1290–1349)^[4]
• Alexander Gerard, (1728–1795)^[2][4]
• Gerbert of Aurillac (or Pope Silvester II) (c. 950-1003)^[2][4]
• Giacinto Sigismondo Gerdil, (1718–1802)^[4]
• Jean Gerson, (1363–1429)^[1][2][4]
• Gersonides (or Levi ben Gershon), (1288–1344)^[1][2][4][5]
• Edmund Gettier, (born 1927)^[3]
• Arnold Geulincx, (1624–1669)^[1][2][3][4]
• Alan Gewirth, (1912–2004)^[3][2]
• Joseph Geyser, (1869–1948)^[2]
• Al-Ghazali, (1058–1111)^[1][2][3][4]
• Allan Gibbard, (born 1942)^[3]
• Edward Gibbon, (1737–1794)^[2]
• Josiah Gibbs, (1839–1903)^[2]
• Gilbert of Poitiers, (1070–1154)^[2][4]
• Giles of Rome, (c. 1243-1316)^{[1][2][3][4][5]}
• Étienne Gilson, (1884–1978)^[1][2][3]
• Asher Ginsberg (or Ahad Ha'am), (1856–1927)^[4]
• Vincenzo Gioberti, (1801–1852)^[1][2][4]
• Joseph Glanvill, (1636–1680)^[1][2][4]
• Jonathan Glover, (born 1941)^[3]
• Arthur de Gobineau, (1816–1882)^[2]
• Rudolph Goclenius, (1547–1628)^[1]
• Kurt Gödel, (1906–1978)^[2][3][4]
• Godfrey of Fontaines, (c. 1250-1309)^[1][2][4][5]
• William Godwin, (1756–1836)^{[1][2][3][4][5]}
• Johann Wolfgang Goethe, (1749–1832)^[1][2][3][4]
• Friedrich Gogarten, (1887–1968)^[2]
• Alvin Goldman, (born 1938)^[1][2][3]
• Gongsun Longzi, (c. 300 BC)^[1][2]
• Nelson Goodman, (1906–1998)^[1][2][3][4]
• ^[4][3][2]]1[
• Johann Christoph Gottsched, (1700–1766)^[2]
• Marie de Gournay, (1565–1645)^[2]
• Baltasar Gracián y Morales, (1601–1658)^[1][2]
• Antonio Gramsci, (1891–1937)^[1][2][3][4]
• Asa Gray, (1810–1888)^[2]
• Thomas Hill Green, (1836–1882)^{[1][2][3][4][5]}
• Pope Gregory I, (540-604)^[1][3]
• Gregory of Nazianzus, (329-389)^[2]
• Gregory of Nyssa, (c. 335-398)^[1][2]
• Gregory of Rimini, (d. 1358)^{[1][2][3][4][5]}
• Herbert Paul Grice, (1913–1988)^{[1][2][3][4][5]}
• James Griffin, (born 1933)^[3]
• Germain Grisez, (born 1929)^[3]
• Robert Grosseteste, (1175–1253)^{[1][2][3][4][5]}
• Reinhardt Grossmann, (born 1931)^[3]
• John Grote, (1813–1866)^[2][4]
• Hugo Grotius, (1583–1645)^{[1][2][3][4][5]}
• Adolf Grunbaum, (born 1923)^[3]
• Guan Zhong (or Kuan Tzu or Kwan Chung or Guanzi) (740-645 BC)^[1][4]
• Guo Xiang, (c. 252-312)^[2]
• Edmund Gurney, (1847–1888)^[4]
• Aron Gurwitsch, (1901–1973)^[2]

H

• Jürgen Habermas, (born 1929)^{[1][2][3][4][5]}
• Ian Hacking, (born 1936)^[3]
• Ernst Haeckel, (1834–1919)^[1][2][4]
• Axel Anders Theodor Hagerstrom, (1868–1939)^[2][4]
• Yehuda Halevi, (c. 1085-1141)^{[1][2][3][4][5]}
• ^[5][4][2]]1[
• Octave Hamelin, (1856–1907)^[2]
• Sir William Hamilton, (1788–1856)^[1][2][3][4]
• David Walter Hamlyn, (born 1924–2012)^[3]
• Stuart Hampshire, (1914–2004)^[2][3]
• Hassan Hanafi, (born 1935)^[2]
• Han Feizi, (d. 233 BC)^[1][2][4]
• Han Wonjin, (1682–1751)^[4]
• Han Yu, (768-824)^[1][2][4]
• Alastair Hannay, (born 1932)^[3]
• Eduard Hanslick, (1825–1904)^[4]
• Norwood Russell Hanson, (1922–1967)^[4]
• Sandra Harding, (born 1935)^[2]
• R. M. Hare, (1919–2002)^[1][2][3][4]
• Gilbert Harman, (born 1938)^[2][3]
• Adolf von Harnack, (1851–1930)^[2]
• James Harrington, (1611–1677)^[2][4]
• William Torrey Harris, (1835–1909)^[2]
• H. L. A. Hart, (1907–1992)^[1][2][3][4]
• David Hartley, (1705–1757)^{[1][2][3][4][5]}
• Eduard Von Hartmann, (1842–1906)^[1][2][3][4]
• Nicolai Hartmann, (1882–1950)^[1][2][3][4]
• Charles Hartshorne, (1897–2000)^[1][3][5]
• William Harvey, (1578–1657)^[2]
• Seiichi Hatano, (1877–1950)^[2]
• Hayashi Razan, (1583–1657)^[2]
• Friedrich Hayek, (1899–1992)^[3][4]
• William Hazlitt, (1778–1830)^[2]
• Christian Friedrich Hebbel, (1813–1863)^[2]
• G.W.F. Hegel, (1770–1831)^{[1][2][3][4][5]}
• Martin Heidegger, (1889–1976)^[1][2][3][4]
• Carl Heim, (1874–1958)^[2]
• Werner Heisenberg, (1901–1976)^[2][3][4]
• Virginia Held, (born 1929)^[2]
• Hermann von Helmholtz, (1821–1894)^[1][2][4]
• Franciscus Mercurius van Helmont, (1614–1698)^[4]
• Claude Adrien Helvétius, (1715–1771)^[1][2][3][4]
• Carl Gustav Hempel, (1905–1997)^[1][2][3][4]
• Frans Hemsterhuis, (1721–1790)^[2]
• Henricus Regius, (1598–1679)^[4][5]
• Henry of Ghent, (c. 1217-1293)^{[1][2][3][4][5]}
• Henry of Harclay, (1270–1317)^[2][4]
• Ronald William Hepburn, (1927–2008)^[3]
• Heraclides Ponticus, (387-312 BC)^[4]
• Heraclitus of Ephesus, (ca. 535-475 BC)^{[1][2][3][4][5]}
• Johann Friedrich Herbart, (1776–1841)^[1][2][4]
• Edward Herbert, 1st Baron Herbert of Cherbury, (1583–1648)^[2][4]
• Johann Gottfried Herder, (1744–1803)^{[1][2][3][4][5]}
• Abraham Cohen de Herrera (or Alonso Nunez de Herrera or Abraham Irira), (1562–1635)^[4]
• John Herschel, (1792–1871)^[2]
• Heinrich Rudolf Hertz, (1857–1894)^[2][4]
• Hervaeus Natalis, (1250–1323)^[2][4]
• Alexander Herzen, (1812–1870)^[1][2][3][4]
• Abraham Joshua Heschel, (1907–1972)^[4]
• Hesiod, (c. 700 BC)^[4]
• Moses Hess, (1812–1875)^[2][4]
• Sergei Iosifovich Hessen, (1887–1950)^[4]
• William of Heytesbury (or Hentisberus or Hentisberi or Tisberi), (1313–1373)^[1][2][4][5]
• John Hick, (born 1922)^[3]
• Laurens Perseus Hickok, (1798–1888)^[2]
• Hierocles the Stoic, (2nd century)^[4]
• David Hilbert, (1862–1943)^[1][2][3]
• Hildegard of Bingen, (1098–1179)^[2][4]
• Hillel ben Samuel of Verona, (1220–1295)^[4]
• Hermann Friedrich Wilhelm Hinrichs, (1794–1861)
• Jaakko Hintikka, (born 1929)^[1][2][3]
• Hippias, (5th century BC)^[4]
• Hippocrates, (460-380 BC)^[1][2][3]
• Ho Yen, (190-249)^[1]
• Thomas Hobbes, (1588–1679)^{[1][2][3][4][5]}
• Leonard Trelawny Hobhouse, (1864–1929)^[2][3]
• William Ernest Hocking, (1873–1966)^[2][3]
• Shadworth Hodgson, (1832–1912)^[2][3]
• Harald Høffding, (1843–1931)^[2][3]
• Wesley Newcomb Hohfeld, (1879–1918)^[1][4]
• Baron d'Holbach, (1723–1789)^[1][2][3][5]
• Robert Holcot, (1290–1349)^[2][4][5]
• Friedrich Hölderlin, (1770–1843)^[1][2][4]
• Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr., (1841–1935)^[4]
• Edwin Holt, (1873–1946)^[2]
• Henry Home, Lord Kames, (1696–1782)^[2][4]
• Homer, (c. 700 BC)^[2][4]
• Richard Hönigswald, (1875–1947)^[2]
• Sidney Hook, (1902–1989)^[3][5]
• Richard Hooker, (1554–1600)^[2][4]
• Max Horkheimer, (1895–1973)^[1][2][4][5]
• Jennifer Hornsby, (born 1951)^[3]
• Paul Horwich, (born 1947)^[3]
• ]2[
• Hsi K'ang, (223-262)^[1]
• Hsiung Shih-li, (1885–1968)^[1]
• Hsu Fu-kuan, (1903–1982)^[1]
• Hsu Hsing, (c. 300 BC)^[1]
• Hu Hung (or Wu-Feng), (1100–1155)^[1]
• Hu Shi, (1891–1962)^[1][2]
• Huai Nun Tzu (or Liu An), (179-122 BC)^[1][4]
• Huang Zongxi (or Huang Tsung-hsi), (1610–1695)^[1][2]
• Pierre Daniel Huet, (1630–1721)^[2][4]
• Friedrich von Hügel, (1852–1925)^[2]
• Hugh of St Victor, (c. 1078-1141)^[4]
• Hui Shi, (4th century BC)^[1][2]
• Wilhelm von Humboldt, (1767–1835)^{[1][2][3][4][5]}
• David Hume, (1711–1776)^{[1][2][3][4][5]}
• Jan Hus, (1369–1415)^[2][4]
• Edmund Husserl, (1859–1938)^{[1][2][3][4][5]}
• Francis Hutcheson, (1694–1746)^[1][2][3][4]
• Thomas Henry Huxley, (1825–1895)^[2][4]
• Christiaan Huygens, (1629–1695)^[1]
• Hypatia of Alexandria, (370-415)^[1][2][4]
• Jean Hyppolite, (1907–1968)^[2]

Notes