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This chronological list of popes corresponds to that given in the Annuario Pontificio under the heading "I Sommi Pontefici Romani" (The Supreme Pontiffs of Rome), excluding those that are explicitly indicated as antipopes. Published every year by the Roman Curia, the Annuario Pontificio attaches no consecutive numbers to the popes, stating that it is impossible to decide which side represented at various times the legitimate succession, in particular regarding Pope Leo VIII, Pope Benedict V and some mid-11th-century popes.[1]
The 2001 edition of the Annuario Pontificio introduced "almost 200 corrections to its existing biographies of the popes, from St Peter to John Paul II". The corrections concerned dates, especially in the first two centuries, birthplaces and the family name of one pope.[2]
The term pope (Latin: papa "father") is used in several Churches to denote their high spiritual leaders (for example Coptic Pope). This title in English usage usually refers to the head of the Catholic Church. The Catholic pope uses various titles by tradition, including Summus Pontifex, Pontifex Maximus, and Servus servorum Dei. Each title has been added by unique historical events and unlike other papal prerogatives, is not incapable of modification.[3]
Hermannus Contractus may have been the first historian to number the popes continuously. His list ends in 1049 with Pope Leo IX as number 154. Several changes were made to the list during the 20th century. Antipope Christopher was considered legitimate for a long time. Pope-elect Stephen was considered legitimate under the name Stephen II until the 1961 edition, when his name was erased. Although these changes are no longer controversial, a number of modern lists still include this "first Pope Stephen II". It is probable that this is because they are based on the 1913 edition of the Catholic Encyclopedia, which is in the public domain.
A significant number of these popes have been recognized as saints, including 48 out of the first 50 consecutive popes and others are in the sainthood process.
(18 years+)
(12 years, 72 days)
(0 years, 89 days)
(0 years, 223 days)
(1 year, 43 days)
(0 years, 289 days)
Patere et sustine ("Respect and wait")[13]
Candor illæsus ("He without injury")[14]
Dominus mihi adjutor ("The Lord is my helper")[15]
Utinam dirigantur viæ meæ ad custodiendas ("It binds us to keep")[16]
Aperuit et clausit ("Opened and closed")[17]
Absit nisi in te gloriari ("Far, but in your glory")[19]
Alleviatæ sunt aquæ super terram ("Water on earth")[20]
Montium custos ("Mountain guardian")[21]
Aliis non sibi Clemens ("For others, not Clement")[22]
Bonum auget malum minuit ("It measures the lesser evil")[23]
Avarus non Implebitur ("The covetous man is not (never) satisfied [with money]")[24]
Dabis discernere inter malum et bonum ("Distinguish between good and evil")[25]
Curabuntor omnes ("Will heal all")[26]
Rosa umbriæ ("Umbrian rose")[27]
Ursus velox ("Quick bear")[28]
Floret in domo domini ("It blossoms in the house of God")[29]
Aquila Rapax ("Rapacious eagle")[30]
Instaurare Omnia in Christo ("Restore all things in Christ")
In te, Domine, speravi: non confundar in aeternum. ("In thee, o Lord, have I trusted: let me not be confounded for evermore.")
Pax Christi in Regno Christi ("The Peace of Christ in the Kingdom of Christ")
Opus Justitiae Pax ("The work of justice [shall be] peace")
Obedientia et Pax ("Obedience and peace")
Cum Ipso in Monte ("With Him on the mount")
Humilitas ("Humility")
Papa IOANNES PAULUS Secundus
Totus Tuus ("Totally yours")
Cooperatores Veritatis ("Cooperators of the truth")
Miserando atque Eligendo ("By having mercy, by choosing")
50 popes have been members of religious orders. These have included:
A number of anomalies in the list given above need further explanation:
Vienna, Middle Ages, Prague, Regensburg, Cologne
Christianity, Oriental Orthodoxy, India, Eastern Orthodox Church, Byzantine Empire
Vatican City, Italian language, Pope, History of the papacy, Holy Roman Empire
Latin, Pope Gregory I, Benedictine Confederation, Bede, Pope
Bonaventure, Francis of Assisi, Elizabeth of Hungary, Louis IX of France, Pope Gregory IX, Joan of Arc
Vatican City, Holy See, Saint Peter, Pope John Paul II, Catholicism
Pope John Paul II, Pope Francis, Pope, Catholicism, Pope Paul VI
Pope, Rome, Catholicism, Pope Leo X, Pope John Paul II
Pope, Catholicism, Pope Pius XII, Pope John Paul II, Pope Benedict XVI
Pope, Catholicism, Rome, Pope Gregory I, Pope Pius XII