Magonism[1][2] (Mexican Liberal Party), as Práxedis Guerrero, Librado Rivera and Anselmo L. Figueroa.[6][7]
Magonism and anarchism
Cover of
Regeneración, with portraits of the organizing board of PLM and European anarchists (1910)
Mexican government and the press of the early 20th century called as magonistas people and groups who shared the ideas of the Flores Magón brothers, who inspired the overthrow of the dictatorship of Porfirio Díaz and perform an economic and not only political revolution. The fight against tyranny encouraged by the Flores Magón contravened official discourse of Porfirian Peace by which the protesters were rated as the Revoltosos Magonistas (i.e. "Magonist rioters") to isolate any social basis and preserve the image of peace and progress imposed by force.[8]
Both Flores Magón brothers, like other members of the Ricardo Flores Magón affirmed: Liberal Party members are not magonistas, they are anarchists!. In his literary work Verdugos y Víctimas (i.e. "Executioners and Victims"),[10] one of the characters responds indignantly when he was arrested and judged: I'm not a magonist, I am an anarchist. An anarchist has no idols.
Magonist thinking was influenced by anarchist philosophers such as Mikhail Bakunin and Pierre-Joseph Proudhon, and others as Élisée Reclus, Charles Malato, Errico Malatesta, Anselmo Lorenzo, Emma Goldman, Fernando Tarrida del Mármol and Max Stirner. They were also influenced by the works of Marx, Gorky and Ibsen. However, the most influential works were the ones of Peter Kropotkin The Conquest of Bread and Mutual Aid: A Factor of Evolution, at the same time they were influenced by the Mexican liberal tradition of 19th century and the self-government system of the indigenous people.[11]
Magonism and indigenous movement
Indigenous peoples, since the mutual aid as the community exploitation and rational use of natural resources, shared anarchist principles raised by the magonists.[12]
The direct influence of indigenous thought in magonism were the teachings of Popoluca in Veracruz, the Yaqui and Mayo in Sonora, and the Cocopah in Baja California.
Fernando Palomares, a Mayo indigenous, was one of the most active members of the Liberal Party who took part in the Cananea strike and libertarian campaign of 1911 in Mexicali and Tijuana.[14][15]
Legacy
Citizen Year of Ricardo Flores Magón poster (1997)
After the end of the armed phase of Mexican Revolution, and after the death of Ricardo Flores Magón in 1922, began the rescue of magonist thought, mainly due to trade unionists in Mexico and the United States. In the post-revolutionary Mexico, the figures of Flores Magón brothers was recollected by governments, considering them precursors of the revolution. Both the insurrection of 1910 as social rights enshrined in the Mexican Constitution of 1917 was due largely to the magonistas, which since 1906 took up arms and drafted an economic and social program.[16]
However, although the demands that led to the revolution in theory were resolved in the Constitution and in the speeches of the revolutionary governments, there was no significant change in the lives of the most vulnerable populations. Also the magonistas considered not fighting to change the administrators of the state, but to abolish them. For this reason, the survived magonistas continued to spread anarchist propaganda. Librado Rivera was persecuted and imprisoned during the government of Plutarco Elías Calles and Enrique Flores Magón, who believed that the Mexican social revolution is not yet over,[17] could enjoy security until the presidency of Lázaro Cárdenas.
The Mexican Anarchist Federation, founded in 1941 and active for about 40 years, edited the newspaper Regeneración and spread magonist thought.
In the 1980s the magonism survived among some youth anarcho-punk groups. The Biblioteca Social Reconstruir, founded in 1980 by the Spanish anarchist in exile Ricardo Mestre and located in Mexico City, was a library where to find anarchist literature and works on Ricardo Flores Magón or copies of Regeneración.[18]
In 1994, when the Oaxaca, declared the "Citizen Year of Ricardo Flores Magón" from 21 November (1997) to 16 September 1998.[19]
In August 2000, driven by indigenous organizations in the State of Oaxaca and libertarian groups in [20]
Literature
-
Rubén Trejo: Magonismo: utopía y revolución, 1910-1913. 2005, Cultura Libre - ISBN 970-9815-00-8
-
M. Ballesteros, J. C. Beas, B. Maldonado: Magonismo y Movimiento Indígena en México. 2003, Ce-Acatl AC[21]
See also
References
-
^ Magón and Magonism at Blackwell Reference
-
^ Magonism and Zapatism
-
^ "The Mexican Revolution (libcom.org)
-
^ , by James D. Cockcroft (academia.edu)Mexico’s Revolution Then and NowReview of
-
^ (Spanish) Magonismo, anarquismo en México
-
^ Magonismo: An Overview
-
^ (Spanish) History of Magonism
-
^ National Archive of Mexico, Governance Branch: Revoltosos Magonistas (1906)
-
^ Magonistas at Oxford Reference
-
^ (Spanish) from the Ricardo Flores Magón ArchiveVerdugos y Víctimas
-
^ (Spanish) Magonism; Historical Perspectives of a Mexican Anarchist Model
-
^ (Spanish) Magonism and Indigenous Movement in Mexico
-
^ (Spanish) The Indian in the Magonist Movement
-
^
-
^
-
^ (Spanish) Program of the PLM
-
^ Enrique Flores Magón: Aclaraciones a la vida y obra de Ricardo Flores Magón, La Protesta, Argentina, 30 March 1925
-
^ (Spanish) Biblioteca Social ReconstruirArticle about the
-
^ (Spanish) Article about the Citizen Year of Ricardo Flores Magón
-
^ (Spanish) Anarchy and libertarian currents in the Oaxaca insurrectionary movement
-
^ (AK Press)Magonismo y Movimiento Indígena en México
External links
-
An overview about the magonism
-
(Spanish) Ricardo Flores Magón Archive
|
|
|
|
|
Background
|
|
|
|
|
Important people
|
|
|
|
|
Plans
|
|
|
|
|
Political developments
|
|
|
|
|
Legacy
|
|
|
|
|
Other
|
|
|
This article was sourced from Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. World Heritage Encyclopedia content is assembled from numerous content providers, Open Access Publishing, and in compliance with The Fair Access to Science and Technology Research Act (FASTR), Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., Public Library of Science, The Encyclopedia of Life, Open Book Publishers (OBP), PubMed, U.S. National Library of Medicine, National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health (NIH), U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, and USA.gov, which sources content from all federal, state, local, tribal, and territorial government publication portals (.gov, .mil, .edu). Funding for USA.gov and content contributors is made possible from the U.S. Congress, E-Government Act of 2002.
Crowd sourced content that is contributed to World Heritage Encyclopedia is peer reviewed and edited by our editorial staff to ensure quality scholarly research articles.
By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. World Heritage Encyclopedia™ is a registered trademark of the World Public Library Association, a non-profit organization.