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This is a list of metropolitan municipalities in Turkey. There are 81 provinces in Turkey (Turkish: il). Among the 81 provincial centers, thirty of them are called metropolitan municipalities[1] (Turkish: büyükşehir belediyeleri). Within city borders of the metropolitan municipalities, there are more than one district governorate (Turkish: ilçe), where each governorate has a municipality which is a second-level municipality.[2]
The first metropolitan municipalities were established in 1984.[3] These were the three most populous cities in Turkey, namely; İstanbul, Ankara and İzmir. In each metropolitan municipality a number of second level municipalities (ilçe) were established. In 1986, four new metropolitan municipalities were established in Adana,[4] Bursa,[5] Gaziantep[6] and Konya.[7] Two years later the total number was increased to eight with the addition of Kayseri.[8] In 1993, seven new metropolitan municipalities were established in Antalya, Diyarbakır, Erzurum, Eskişehir, Mersin, Kocaeli and Samsun.[9] Following the earthquake of 1999, Sakarya was also declared a metropolitan municipality.[10]
Before 2004, only the urban centers with a population more than 750,000 were declared metropolitan centers. However, in 2004, the concept of metropolitan municipality was redefined in Istanbul and Kocaeli, where from then on metropolitan municipality borders would overlap with provincial borders. In 2012, this was extented to other metropolitan municipalities.[11] Thus, all provinces with a population in excess of 750,000 were declared metropolitan municipality and accordingly the number of metropolitan municipalities has sharply increased. The following 13 cities became metropolitan municipality: Aydın, Balıkesir, Denizli, Hatay, Malatya, Manisa, Kahramanmaraş, Mardin, Muğla, Tekirdağ, Trabzon, Şanlıurfa.[11] Later, with the addition of Ordu, the total number of the metropolitan municipalities was increased to 30.[12]
Since the total population of Turkey is 76,667,864 these 30 provinces make up 77% of the total.
Turkey, Oghuz languages, Ottoman Empire, Turkic languages, Republic of Macedonia
Turkey, Provinces of Turkey, Bağcılar, Şile, Şişli
Turkey, Provinces of Turkey, Istanbul Province, Mersin Province, Elâzığ Province
Istanbul Province, Turkey, Mersin Province, Elazığ Province, Çanakkale Province
Diyarbakir, Ankara, Istanbul, Kayseri, Adana
Turkey, Diyarbakır Province, Gaziantep Province, Mardin Province, Şanlıurfa Province
Armenia, Turkey, Lake Van, Van Province, Ukraine
Turkey, Germany, Kayseri Province, Kayserispor, Cappadocia