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Nepenthes smilesii

 

Nepenthes smilesii

Nepenthes smilesii
Nepenthes smilesii growing in Kampot Province, Cambodia, at an elevation of 16 m
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
(unranked): Angiosperms
(unranked): Eudicots
(unranked): Core eudicots
Order: Caryophyllales
Family: Nepenthaceae
Genus: Nepenthes
Species: N. smilesii
Binomial name
Nepenthes smilesii
Hemsl. (1895)
Synonyms

Nepenthes smilesii ( or ) is a tropical pitcher plant native to northeastern Thailand, southern Laos, Cambodia,[2][3] and western Vietnam.[4][5] Nepenthes smilesii can tolerate an extended dry season and is most common in open, sandy savannah and grassland.[5]

The specific epithet smilesii refers to plant collector Frederick Henry Smiles, who made the first known collection of this species.[4]

Contents

  • Botanical history 1
  • Description 2
  • Ecology 3
  • Related species 4
  • Notes 5
  • References 6
  • Further reading 7
  • External links 8

Botanical history

Nepenthes anamensis[note a] is a heterotypic synonym of N. smilesii.[4][5] Its conservation status appears as Data Deficient on the IUCN Red List.[6]

Nepenthes smilesii was referred to as N. anamensis throughout most of the 20th century.[4] Further confusion resulted from the erroneous labelling of N. smilesii plants as N. thorelii in the horticultural trade.[4] In Pitcher Plants of the Old World, Stewart McPherson lists N. mirabilis f. smilesii and N. mirabilis var. smilesii as synonyms of N. smilesii,[4] but Marcello Catalano considers these to represent normal forms of N. mirabilis.[5]

Description

Nepenthes smilesii is a climbing plant growing to a height of 5 m.[4]

Its leaves are sessile and coriaceous (leathery) in texture. They are very narrowly linear, reaching 40 cm in length while only up to 4 cm wide.[4]

Ecology

Nepenthes smilesii from Kampot, Cambodia (16 m asl)
Nepenthes smilesii from Kirirom National Park, Cambodia (~700 m asl)

Nepenthes smilesii has a widespread distribution throughout Indochina. It has been recorded from Cambodia,[3] northeastern Thailand, southern Laos, and western Vietnam.[4][5] The species occurs across a wide range of altitudes, being recorded from elevations of 16[3]–1500 m above sea level, although it is more typically found at around 800 m.[4]

Nepenthes smilesii is notable among the Indochinese Nepenthes for experiencing extreme lows of temperature.[4]

Individual specimens of a natural hybrid between N. smilesii and N. mirabilis have been recorded from Cambodia.[7]

Related species

Nepenthes smilesii appears most closely allied to N. kongkandana and may be difficult to distinguish from that species. It differs primarily in the shape of its laminae, which are linear to lanceolate with an acute apex, as opposed to obovate with an acuminate apex in the latter.[5] Nepenthes smilesii also differs in having shorter tendrils and a narrower peristome.[4]

Notes

a.^ Nepenthes anamensis is pronounced . The specific epithet is derived from Annam, a former territory in central Vietnam.

References

  1. ^ Macfarlane, J.M. 1908. Nepenthaceae. In: A. Engler. Das Pflanzenreich IV, III, Heft 36: 1–91.
  2. ^ Mey, F.S. 2010. ) of Cambodia.NepenthesIntroduction to the pitcher plants ( PDF Cambodian Journal of Natural History 2010(2): 106–117.
  3. ^ a b c Mey, F.S. 2009. in Kampot, CambodiaN. smilesii. Carnivorous Plants in the tropics.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l McPherson, S.R. 2009. Pitcher Plants of the Old World. 2 volumes. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole.
  5. ^ a b c d e f (Italian) Catalano, M. 2010. Nepenthes della Thailandia: Diario di viaggio. Prague.
  6. ^ Clarke, C.M., R. Cantley, J. Nerz, H. Rischer & A. Witsuba 2000. Nepenthes anamensis. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN 2006. Retrieved on 12 May 2006.
  7. ^ Mey, F.S., L.H. Truong, D.V. Dai & A.S. Robinson 2011. Nepenthes thorelii, an emended description and novel ecological data resulting from its rediscovery in Tay Ninh, Vietnam. In: McPherson, S.R. New Nepenthes: Volume One. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole. pp. 104–131.

Further reading

  • Anuniwat, A., A. Chaveerach, T. Tanee & R. Sudmoon 2009. (Nepenthaceae).NepenthesDevelopment of SCAR markers for species identification of the genus Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 12(22): 1455–1461. doi:10.3923/pjbs.2009.1455.1461
  • Beveridge, N.G.P., C. Rauch, P.J.A. Keßler, R.R. van Vugt & P.C. van Welzen 2013. A new way to identify living species of Nepenthes (Nepenthaceae): more data needed! Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 42(4): 122–128.
  • Kahl, T. 2003. Amazing Thailand. PDF Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 32(1): 8–9.
  • Kosterin, O.E. 2011. Odonata of the Cambodian coastal regions revisited: beginning of dry season in 2010. PDF International Dragonfly Fund - Report 40: 1–108.
  • McPherson, S.R. & A. Robinson 2012. Field Guide to the Pitcher Plants of Peninsular Malaysia and Indochina. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole.
  • (German) Meimberg, H. 2002. Molekular-systematische Untersuchungen an den Familien Nepenthaceae und Ancistrocladaceae sowie verwandter Taxa aus der Unterklasse Caryophyllidae s. l.. PDF Ph.D. thesis, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich.
  • Meimberg, H. & G. Heubl 2006. Introduction of a nuclear marker for phylogenetic analysis of Nepenthaceae. Plant Biology 8(6): 831–840. doi:10.1055/s-2006-924676
  • Meimberg, H., S. Thalhammer, A. Brachmann & G. Heubl 2006. Comparative analysis of a translocated copy of the trnK intron in carnivorous family Nepenthaceae. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 39(2): 478–490. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2005.11.023
  • Mey, F.S. 2009. , a new species of Nepenthaceae from Cambodia.Nepenthes bokorensis PDF Carniflora Australis 7(1): 6–15.
  • Mey, F.S. 2011. in Tay Ninh Province, southern VietnamNepenthes smilesii. Strange Fruits: A Garden's Chronicle, December 11, 2011.
  • Mey, F.S. 2014. 'Nepenthes of Indochina', my 2010 ICPS lecture now on Youtube. Strange Fruits: A Garden's Chronicle, February 3, 2014.
  • Mokkamul, P., A. Chaveerach, R. Sudmoon & T. Tanee 2007. (Nepenthaceae).NepenthesSpecies identification and sex determination of the genus  PDF (702 KiB) Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 10(4): 561–567. doi:10.3923/pjbs.2007.561.567

External links

  • of IndochinaNepenthes
   
Incompletely diagnosed taxa
N. sp. Anipahan
N. sp. Luzon
N. sp. Misool
Possible extinct species
N. echinatus
N. echinosporus
N. major
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