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The voiced palatal approximant is a type of consonantal sound used in many spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨j⟩. The equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is j, and in the Americanist phonetic notation it is ⟨y⟩. Because the English name of the letter J, jay, does not start with ⟨j⟩, this approximant is sometimes called yod instead, as in the phonological history terms yod-dropping and yod-coalescence.
The palatal approximant is the semivocalic equivalent of the close front unrounded vowel [i]. The two are almost identical featurally. They alternate with each other in certain languages, such as French, and in the diphthongs of some languages, ⟨j⟩ and ⟨i̯⟩ with the non-syllabic diacritic are used in different transcription systems to represent the same sound.
In the writing systems used for most of the languages of Central, Northern and Eastern Europe, the letter j denotes the palatal approximant, as in German Jahr 'year'. This is the IPA usage, and although it may be counter-intuitive for English speakers, it does occur with this sound in a few English words, such as hallelujah and Jägermeister.
In grammars of Ancient Greek, the palatal approximant, which was lost early in the history of Greek, is sometimes written as ⟨ι̯⟩ (iota with the inverted breve below, the non-syllabic diacritic or marker of a semivowel).[1]
Features of the palatal approximant:
Manner of articulation, Labial consonant, Palatal consonant, Epiglottal consonant, Phonation
Ѐ, Yus, Russia, Greek alphabet, Microsoft
Spanish language, Canada, France, Italian language, English language
Palatal approximant, Close front unrounded vowel, Nasal vowel, Latin, Voiceless alveolar sibilant
Voiceless alveolar sibilant, Voiceless velar stop, Hebrew language, Voiceless bilabial stop, Voiced bilabial stop
Ӑ, Ş, A, O, Ĭ
Quran, Egyptian Arabic, Maltese language, Saudi Arabia, Islam
Unicode, Hebrew alphabet, Kabbalah, Syriac alphabet, I