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Peng Zhen (pronounced ; October 12, 1902 – April 26, 1997) was a leading member of the Chinese Civil War in 1949, but was purged during the Cultural Revolution for opposing Mao's views on the role of literature in relation to the state. He was rehabilitated under Deng Xiaoping in 1982 along with other 'wrongly accused' officials, and became the inaugural head of the CPC Central Political and Legislative Committee.
Born in 7th National Congress.
In September 1945 Peng was sent by Mao Zedong to take up overall leadership of the Communists in Northeast China. He was accompanied by Lin Biao who was to assist Peng with directing military operations against the Nationalists. Peng decided that the Communists could hold the 3 big cities of the Northeast: Shenyang, Changchun and Harbin. When the Nationalists under the command of Du Yuming attacked in November 1945, the Communists were forced back. Peng was removed as Communist leader in the northeast after further failure by Lin Biao's forces in March 1946 led to the Communists retreat back to Harbin.[1]
Peng was a member of the CPC Central Committee starting from 1944 as well as member of the Secretariat of the CPC Central Committee. He also held the positions of First Secretary of the Beijing Municipal Committee, and Mayor of Beijing (1951). He was a member of the Politburo from 1956 to 1966.
Peng was appointed head of the Five Man Group in charge of preparing a "cultural revolution", but he fell out of favor with Mao Zedong in April 1966 when he attacked Mao's belief that all literature should support the state. He was accused of being an associate to Wu Han's counter-revolutionary clique and deposed at a May 1966 conference in what became the opening act of the Cultural Revolution. Lu Dingyi, Luo Ruiqing and Yang Shangkun were also deposed.
Peng survived the Cultural Revolution, and was eventually rehabilitated under Deng Xiaoping. He subsequently became Secretary of the Central Political and Legal Affairs Commission, a post he already held from late 1950s in the capacity of leader of a Central Politics and Law Leading Group. Beginning in 1983, as Chairman of the Standing Committee of the Sixth National People's Congress, he sought to increase the NPC's power. Peng retired from his leading political positions in 1988.
Peng Zhen died on April 26, 1997, and was eulogized with high honours by the highest organs of the party and the state. His official obituary declared him a "great proletarian revolutionary, politician, and outstanding expert in the affairs of the state; unswerving Marxist, instrumental in laying the foundations of legal institution in our country, and excellent leader of the party and state." The obituary also curiously made mention of his support of Deng Xiaoping's 1992 "southern tour" which re-ignited economic reforms after relative stagnation following the Tiananmen Square protest of 1989.[2]
He was considered one of the Eight Immortals of the Communist Party of China.
Ngapoi Ngawang Jigme, Pagbalha Geleg Namgyai, 14th Dalai Lama, Saifuddin Azizi, Peng Zhen
Philippines, India, Indonesia, Tibetan Buddhism, Thailand
Tokyo, United Kingdom, China, Shanghai, Hong Kong
Ngapoi Ngawang Jigme, Pagbalha Geleg Namgyai, Guo Moruo, 14th Dalai Lama, Saifuddin Azizi
Soviet Union, Cultural Revolution, Shandong, Communist Party of China, Mao Zedong
14th Dalai Lama, Saifuddin Azizi, Guo Moruo, Choekyi Gyaltsen, 10th Panchen Lama, Ngapoi Ngawang Jigme