Portuguese Braille is the braille alphabet of the Portuguese language, both in Portugal and in Brazil. It is very close to French Braille, with slight modification of the accented letters and some differences in punctuation.
Contents
-
Alphabet 1
-
Punctuation 2
-
Numbers 3
-
Formatting 4
-
References 5
Alphabet
The French Braille letters for vowels with a grave accent in print tend to be used for vowels with an acute accents in Portuguese Braille. (See French Braille#Similar alphabets. The French vowels ⠪ œ and ⠜ ä are used for the Portuguese nasal vowels õ and ã. In numerical order, the letters are:
-
Punctuation
Punctuation is nearly identical to that of Spanish Braille.
Single punctuation:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
,
|
.[1]
|
'
|
?
|
!
|
;
|
:
|
-
|
–
|
—
|
*
|
/
|
|
|
The en dash is written on the middle dots, while the em dash is written on the bottom dots.
Paired punctuation:
 
|
|
|
“ ... ”
(outer quotes)
|
« ... »
(inner quotes)
|
‘ ... ’ etc.
(innermost quotes)
|
 
|
|
 
|
|
|
( ...... )
|
( ...... )
|
[ ...... ]
|
[ ...... ]
|
The two sets of parentheses and square brackets are alternatives. Many sources give only one, usually the second.
Numbers
Digits are the international norm of the first ten letters of the alphabet marked by ⠼.
The number sign takes the place of spaces within a number such as a serial number. For example, A (46 1) is transcribed ⠨⠁⠀⠣⠼⠙⠋⠼⠁⠜.
Additional symbols:
The real sign is typically used like a decimal point: 4$50.
For arithmetic:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
+
|
−
|
×
|
:
|
=
|
/ (fraction)
|
>
|
<
|
The fraction bar ⠐⠲ is equivalent to either a virgule or horizontal bar in print. For exponents, use the superscript sign ⠡ below.
Formatting
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(digit)
|
(Caps)
|
(ALL CAPS)
|
(emphasis)
|
(super-
script)
|
(sub-
script)
|
(l.c.)
|
(orig.)
|
(col.)
|
⠨⠨ is used to indicate that an entire word is in upper case. For a series of words in upper case, a colon is added: ⠒⠨⠨.
Emphasis corresponds to bold or italic in print. As with brackets, a second sign indicates the end of the emphasized text.
The lower-case sign ⠐ is also used to mark that a line break occurs in the middle of a mathematical expression.
⠰ restores the original reading of a character.
⠿ is optionally used as a column marker when transcribing tables, especially those with empty cells, to clarify the alignment of the data. For example, the first line of the table at the top of this section would be, in a braille text,
-
⠿⠼⠀⠀⠿⠨⠀⠀⠿⠨⠨⠀⠿⠔⠀⠔⠿⠡⠀⠀⠿⠌⠀⠀⠿⠐⠀⠀⠿⠰⠀⠀⠿⠿⠀⠀
References
-
^ The ellipsis ⟨...⟩ is thus ⠄⠄⠄.
-
UNESCO (2013) World Braille Usage, 3rd edition.
-
Aprenda Braille na Internet
-
Vocabulário de termos e expressões empregados no domínio do sistema Braille
-
1951 UNESCO report on standardizing Spanish and Portuguese Braille
This article was sourced from Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. World Heritage Encyclopedia content is assembled from numerous content providers, Open Access Publishing, and in compliance with The Fair Access to Science and Technology Research Act (FASTR), Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., Public Library of Science, The Encyclopedia of Life, Open Book Publishers (OBP), PubMed, U.S. National Library of Medicine, National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health (NIH), U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, and USA.gov, which sources content from all federal, state, local, tribal, and territorial government publication portals (.gov, .mil, .edu). Funding for USA.gov and content contributors is made possible from the U.S. Congress, E-Government Act of 2002.
Crowd sourced content that is contributed to World Heritage Encyclopedia is peer reviewed and edited by our editorial staff to ensure quality scholarly research articles.
By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. World Heritage Encyclopedia™ is a registered trademark of the World Public Library Association, a non-profit organization.