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Voiceless bilabial approximant

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Voiceless bilabial approximant

Voiceless bilabial approximant
ɸ˕
β̥˕
ʋ̟̊
IPA number 126 430
Encoding
X-SAMPA p\_o

The voiceless bilabial approximant is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨ɸ˕⟩, and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is p\_o.

Contents

  • Features 1
  • Occurrence 2
  • References 3
  • Bibliography 4

Features

Features of the voiceless bilabial approximant:

  • Its manner of articulation is approximant, which means it is produced by narrowing the vocal tract at the place of articulation, but not enough to produce a turbulent airstream.
  • Its place of articulation is bilabial, which means it is articulated with both lips.
  • Its phonation is voiceless, which means it is produced without vibrations of the vocal cords. In some languages the vocal cords are actively separated, so it is always voiceless; in others the cords are lax, so that it may take on the voicing of adjacent sounds.
  • It is an oral consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth only.
  • It is a central consonant, which means it is produced by directing the airstream along the center of the tongue, rather than to the sides.
  • The airstream mechanism is pulmonic, which means it is articulated by pushing air solely with the lungs and diaphragm, as in most sounds.

Occurrence

Language Word IPA Meaning Notes
Italian Tuscan[1] i capitani [iˌhäɸ˕iˈθäːni] 'the captains' Intervocalic allophone of /p/; may be a fricative [Tuscan gorgia
Spanish Standard European[2] web [(ɡ)we̞ɸ˕] 'web, internet' Allophone of /b/ before a pause.[2] See Spanish phonology

References

  1. ^ a b Hall (1944), p. 75.
  2. ^ a b Wetzels & Mascaró (2001), p. 224.

Bibliography

  • Hall, Robert A. Jr. (1944). "Italian phonemes and orthography". Italica (American Association of Teachers of Italian) 21 (2): 72–82.  
  • Wetzels, W. Leo; Mascaró, Joan (2001), "The Typology of Voicing and Devoicing" (PDF), Language 77 (2): 207–244,  
 
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