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p
The voiceless bilabial stop is a type of consonantal sound used in many spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨p⟩, and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is p. The voiceless bilabial stop in English is spelled with 'p', as in speed.
Features of the voiceless bilabial stop:
The stop [p] is missing from about 10% of languages that have a [b]. (See voiced velar stop for another such gap.) This is an areal feature of the "circum-Saharan zone" (Africa north of the equator, including the Arabian peninsula). It is not known how old this areal feature is, and whether it might be a recent phenomenon due to Arabic as a prestige language (Arabic lost its /p/ in prehistoric times), or whether Arabic was itself affected by a more ancient areal pattern. It is found in other areas as well; for example, in Europe, Proto-Celtic and Old Basque are both reconstructed as having [b] but no [p].
Nonetheless, the [p] sound is very common cross-linguistically. Most languages have at least a plain [p], and some distinguish more than one variety. Many Indo-Aryan languages, such as Hindustani, have a two-way contrast between the aspirated [pʰ] and the plain [p] (also transcribed as [p˭] in extensions to the IPA).
Manner of articulation, Labial consonant, Palatal consonant, Epiglottal consonant, Phonation
Ѐ, Yus, Russia, Greek alphabet, Microsoft
Voiceless alveolar sibilant, Voiceless velar stop, Hebrew language, Voiceless bilabial stop, Voiced bilabial stop
Odia language, Gujarati language, Nepali language, Pali, Marathi language
Voiceless uvular fricative, Fricative, Manner of articulation, Language, Voiceless labiodental fricative
Hebrew language, Niqqud, Pharyngealization, Voiceless alveolar stop, Voiceless velar stop
Ἀ, American English, Greek language, Latin alphabet, Sigma